553Martyrdom of the Holy and Glorious Apostle Bartholomew.

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Historians declare that India is divided into three parts; and the first is said to end at Ethiopia, and the second at Media, and the third completes the country; and the one portion of it ends in the dark, and the other in the ocean.  To this India, then, the holy Bartholomew the apostle of Christ went, and took up his quarters in the temple of Astaruth, and lived there as one of the pilgrims and the poor.  In this temple, then, there was an idol called Astaruth, which was supposed to heal the infirm, but rather the more injured all.  And the people were in entire ignorance of the true God; and from want of knowledge, but rather from the difficulty of going to any other, they all fled for refuge to the false god.  And he brought upon them troubles, infirmities, damage, violence, and much affliction; and when any one sacrificed to him, the demon, retiring, appeared to give a cure to the person in trouble; and the foolish people, seeing this, believed in him.  But the demons retired, not because they wished to cure men, but that they might the more assail them, and rather have them altogether in their power; and thinking that they were cured bodily, those that sacrificed to them were the more diseased in soul.

And it came to pass, that while the holy apostle of Christ, Bartholomew, stayed there, Astaruth gave no response, and was not able for curing.  And when the temple was full of sick persons, who sacrificed to him daily, Astaruth could give no response; and sick persons who had come from far countries were lying there.  When, therefore, in that temple not even one of the idols was able to give a response, and was of benefit neither to those that sacrificed to them nor to those who were in the agonies of death on their account, they were compelled to go to another city, where there was a temple of idols, where their great and most eminent god was called Becher.^24092409    The history of Abdias gives the name as Berith, after Judg. ix. 46.  And having there sacrificed, they demanded, asking why their god Astaruth had not responded to them.  And the demon Becher answered and said to them:  From the day and hour that the true God, who dwelleth in the heavens, sent his apostle Bartholomew into the regions here, your god Astaruth is held fast by chains of fire, and can no longer either speak or breathe.  They said to him:  And who is this Bartholomew?  He answered:  He is the friend of the Almighty God, and has just come into these parts, that he may take away all the worship of the idols in the name of his God.  And the servants of the Greeks said to him:  Tell us what he is like, that we may be able to find him.

And the demon answered and said:  He has black hair, a shaggy head, a fair skin,^24102410    Lit., white flesh. large eyes, beautiful nostrils, his ears hidden by the hair of his head, with a yellow beard, a few grey hairs, of middle height, and neither tall nor stunted, but middling, clothed with a white undercloak bordered with purple, and upon his shoulders a very white cloak; and his clothes have been worn twenty-six years, but neither are they dirty, nor have they waxed old.  Seven times^24112411    Pseudo-Abdias says:  a hundred times. a day he bends the knee to the Lord, and seven times^24122412    Pseudo-Abdias says:  a hundred times. a night does he pray to God.  His voice is like the sound of a strong trumpet; there go along with him angels of God, who allow him neither to be weary, nor to hunger, nor to thirst; his face, and his soul, and his heart are always glad and rejoicing; he foresees everything, he knows and speaks every tongue of every nation.  And behold now, as soon as you ask me, and I answer you about him, behold, he knows; for the angels of the Lord tell him; and if you wish to seek him, if he is willing he will appear to you; but if he shall not be willing, you will not be able to find him.  I entreat you, therefore, if you shall find him, entreat him not to come here, lest his angels do to me as they have done to my brother Astaruth.

And when the demon had said this, he held his peace.  And they returned, and set to work to look into every face of the pilgrims and poor men, and for two days they could find him nowhere.  And it came to pass, that one who was 554a demoniac set to work to cry out:  Apostle of the Lord, Bartholomew, thy prayers are burning me up.  Then said the apostle to him:  Hold thy peace, and come out of him.  And that very hour, the man who had suffered from the demon for many years was set free.

And Polymius, the king of that country, happened to be standing opposite the apostle; and he had a daughter a demoniac, that is to say, a lunatic.  And he heard about the demoniac that had been healed, and sent messengers to the apostle, saying:  My daughter is grievously torn; I implore thee, therefore, as thou hast delivered him^24132413    Abdias calls him Pseustius. who suffered for many years, so also to order my daughter to be set free.  And the apostle rose up, and went with them.  And he sees the king’s daughter bound with chains, for she used to tear in pieces all her limbs; and if any one came near her, she used to bite, and no one dared to come near her.  The servants say to him:  And who is it that dares to touch her?  The apostle answered them:  Loose her, and let her go.  They say to him again:  We have her in our power when she is bound with all our force, and dost thou bid us loose her?  The apostle says to them:  Behold, I keep her enemy bound, and are you even now afraid of her?  Go and loose her; and when she has partaken of food, let her rest, and early to-morrow bring her to me.  And they went and did as the apostle had commanded them; and thereafter the demon was not able to come near her.

Then the king loaded camels with gold and silver, precious stones, pearls, and clothing, and sought to see the apostle; and having made many efforts, and not found him, he brought everything back to his palace.

And it happened, when the night had passed, and the following day was dawning, the sun having risen, the apostle appeared alone with the king in his bed-chamber, and said to him:  Why didst thou seek me yesterday the whole day with gold and silver, and precious stones, pearls, and raiment?  For these gifts those persons long for who seek earthly things; but I seek nothing earthly, nothing carnal.  Wherefore I wish to teach thee that the Son of God deigned to be born as a man out of a virgin’s womb.  He was conceived in the womb of the virgin; He took to Himself her who was always a virgin, having within herself Him who made the heaven and the earth, the sea, and all that therein is.  He, born of a virgin, like mankind, took to Himself a beginning in time, He who has a beginning neither of times nor days; but He Himself made every beginning, and everything created, whether in things visible or invisible.  And as this virgin did not know man, so she, preserving her virginity, vowed a vow^24142414    Or, prayed a prayer. to the Lord God.  And she was the first who did so.  For, from the time that man existed from the beginning of the world, no woman made a vow of this mode of life; but she, as she was the first among women who loved this in her heart, said, I offer to Thee, O Lord, my virginity.  And, as I have said to thee, none of mankind dared to speak this word; but she being called for the salvation of many, observed this—that she might remain a virgin through the love of God, pure and undefiled.  And suddenly, when she was shut up in her chamber, the archangel Gabriel appeared, gleaming like the sun; and when she was terrified at the sight, the angel said to her, Fear not, Mary; for thou hast found favour in the sight of the Lord, and thou shalt conceive.  And she cast off fear, and stood up, and said, How shall this be to me, since I know not man?  The angel answered her, The Holy Ghost shall come upon thee, and the power of the Most High shall overshadow thee; wherefore also that holy thing which is born of thee shall be called Son of God.^24152415    Comp. Luke i. 26–38.  Abdias goes on:  He then, after His birth, suffered Himself to be tempted by that devil who had overcome the first man, persuading him to eat of the tree forbidden by God.  Thus, therefore, when the angel had departed from her, she escaped the temptation of the devil, who deceived the first man when at rest.  For, having tasted of the tree of disobedience, when the woman said to him, Eat, he ate; and thus the first man was cast out of paradise, and banished to this life.  From him have been born the whole human race.  Then the Son of God having been born of the virgin, and having become perfect man, and having been baptized, and after His baptism having fasted forty days, the tempter came and said to Him:  If thou art the Son of God, tell these stones to become loaves.  And He answered:  Not on bread alone shall man live, but by every word of God.^24162416    Comp. Luke iv. 1–13.  Thus therefore the devil, who through eating had conquered the first man, was conquered through the fasting of the second man; and as he through want of self-restraint had conquered the first man, the son of the virgin earth, so we shall conquer through the fasting of the second Adam, the Son of the Virgin Mary.

The king says to him:  And how is it that thou saidst just now that she was the first virgin of whom was born God and man?  And the apostle answered:  I give thanks to the Lord that thou hearest me gladly.  The first man, then, was called Adam; he was formed out of the earth.  And the earth, his mother out of which he was, was virgin, because it had neither been polluted by the blood of man nor opened for the burial of any one.  The earth, then, was like the virgin, in order that he who conquered the 555son of the virgin earth might be conquered by the Son of the Virgin Mary.  And, behold, he did conquer; for his wicked craft, through the eating of the tree by which man, being deceived, came forth from paradise, kept paradise shut.  Thereafter this Son of the virgin conquered all the craft of the devil.  And his craft was such, that when he saw the Son of the virgin fasting forty days, he knew in truth that He was the true God.  The true God and man, therefore, hath not given Himself out to be known, except to those who are pure in heart,^24172417    Matt. v. 8. and who serve Him by good works.  The devil himself, therefore, when he saw that after the forty days He was again hungry, was deceived into thinking that He was not God, and said to Him, Why hast thou been hungry? tell these stones to become loaves, and eat.  And the Lord answered him, Listen, devil; although thou mayst lord it over man, because he has not kept the commandment of God.  I have fulfilled the righteousness of God in having fasted, and shall destroy thy power, so that thou shalt no longer lord it over man.  And when he saw himself conquered, he again takes Jesus to an exceeding high mountain, and shows Him all the kingdoms of the world, and says, All these will I give thee, if thou wilt fall down and worship me.  The Lord says to him, Get thee behind me, Satan; for it is written, Thou shalt worship the Lord thy God, and Him only shalt thou serve.  And there was a third temptation for the Lord; for he takes Him up to the pinnacle of the temple, and says, If thou art the Son of God, cast thyself down.  The Lord says to him, Thou shalt not tempt the Lord thy God.  And the devil disappeared.  And he indeed that once conquered Adam, the son of the virgin earth, was thrice conquered by Christ, the Son of the Virgin Mary.

And when the Lord had conquered the tyrant, He sent His apostles into all the world, that He might redeem His people from the deception of the devil; and one of these I am, an apostle of Christ.  On this account we seek not after gold and silver, but rather despise them, because we labour to be rich in that place where the kingdom of Him alone endureth^24182418    Lit., reigneth. for ever, where neither trouble, nor grief, nor groaning, nor death, has place; where there is eternal blessedness, and ineffable joy, and everlasting exultation, and perpetual repose.  Wherefore also the demon sitting in your temple, who makes responses to you, is kept in chains through the angel of the Lord who has sent me.  Because if thou shalt be baptized, and wishest thyself to be enlightened, I will make thee behold Him, and learn from how great evils thou hast been redeemed.  At the same time hear also by what means he injures all those who are lying sick in the temple.  The devil himself by his own art causes the men to be sick, and again to be healed, in order that they may the more believe in the idols, and in order that he may have place the more in their souls, in order that they may say to the stock and the stone, Thou art our God.^24192419    Jer. ii. 27.  But that demon who dwells in the idol is held in subjection, conquered by me, and is able to give no response to those who sacrifice and pray there.  And if thou wishest to prove that it is so, I order him to return into the idol, and I will make him confess with his own mouth that he is bound, and able to give no response.

The king says to him:  To-morrow, at the first hour of the day, the priests are ready to sacrifice in the temple, and I shall come there, and shall be able to see this wonderful work.

And it came to pass on the following day, as they were sacrificing, the devil began to cry out:  Refrain, ye wretched ones, from sacrificing to me, lest ye suffer worse for my sake; because I am bound in fiery chains, and kept in subjection by an angel of the Lord Jesus Christ, the Son of God, whom the Jews crucified:  for, being afraid of him, they condemned him to death.  And he put to death Death himself, our king, and he bound our prince in chains of fire; and on the third day, having conquered death and the devil, rose in glory, and gave the sign of the cross to his apostles, and sent them out into the four quarters of the world; and one of them is here just now, who has bound me, and keeps me in subjection.  I implore you, therefore, supplicate him on my account, that he may set me free to go into other habitations.

Then the apostle answered:  Confess, unclean demon, who is it that has injured all those that are lying here from heavy diseases?  The demon answered:  The devil, our ruler, he who is bound, he sends us against men, that, having first injured their bodies, we may thus also make an assault upon their souls when they sacrifice to us.  For then we have complete power over them, when they believe in us and sacrifice to us.  And when, on account of the mischief done to them, we retire, we appear curing them, and are worshipped by them as gods; but in truth we are demons, and the servants of him who was crucified, the Son of the virgin, have bound us.  For from that day on which the Apostle Bartholomew came I am punished, kept bound in chains of fire.  And for this reason I speak, because he has commanded me.  At the same time, I dare not utter more when the apostle is present, neither I nor our rulers.

The apostle says to him:  Why dost thou not 556save all that have come to thee?  The demon says to him:  When we injure their bodies, unless we first injure their souls, we do not let their bodies go.  The apostle says to him:  And how do you injure their souls?  The demon answered him:  When they believe that we are gods, and sacrifice to us, God withdraws from those who sacrifice, and we do not take away the sufferings of their bodies, but retire into their souls.

Then the apostle says to the people:  Behold, the god whom you thought to cure you, does the more mischief to your souls and bodies.  Hear even now your Maker who dwells in the heavens, and do not believe in lifeless stones and stocks.  And if you wish that I should pray for you, and that all these may receive health, take down this idol, and break it to pieces; and when you have done this, I will sanctify this temple in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ; and having baptized all of you who are in it in the baptism of the Lord, and sanctified you, I will save all.

Then the king gave orders, and all the people brought ropes and crowbars, and were not at all able to take down the idol.  Then the apostle says to them:  Unfasten the ropes.  And when they had unfastened them, he said to the demon dwelling in it:  In the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, come out of this idol, and go into a desert place, where neither winged creature utters a cry, nor voice of man has ever been heard.  And straightway he arose at the word of the apostle, and lifted it up from its foundations; and in that same hour all the idols that were in that place were broken to pieces.

Then all cried out with one voice, saying:  He alone is God Almighty whom Bartholomew the apostle proclaims.  Then the holy Bartholomew, having spread forth his hands to heaven, said:  God of Abraham, God of Isaac, God of Jacob, who for the salvation of men hast sent forth Thine only begotten Son, our Lord Jesus Christ, in order that He might redeem by His own blood all of us enslaved by sin, and declare us to be Thy sons, that we may know Thee, the true God, that Thou existest always to eternity God without end:  one God, the Father, acknowledged in Son and Holy Spirit; one God, the Son, glorified in Father and Holy Spirit; one God, the Holy Spirit, worshipped in Father and Son; and acknowledged to be truly one,^24202420    Or, unity. the Father unbegotten, the Son begotten, the Holy Spirit proceeding; and in Thee the Father, and in the Holy Spirit, Thine only begotten Son our Lord Jesus Christ is, in whose name Thou hast given us power to heal the sick, to cure paralytics, to expel demons, and raise the dead:  for He said to us, Verily I say unto you, that whatever ye shall ask in my name ye shall receive.^24212421    Matt. xxi. 22.  I entreat, then, that in His name all this multitude may be saved, that all may know that Thou alone art God in heaven, and in the earth, and in the sea, who seekest the salvation of men through that same Jesus Christ our Lord, with whom Thou livest and reignest in unity of the Holy Spirit for ever and ever.

And when all responded to the Amen, suddenly there appeared an angel of the Lord, shining brighter than the sun, winged, and other four angels holding up the four corners of the temple; and with his finger the one sealed the temple and the people, and said:  Thus saith the Lord who hath sent me, As you have all been purified from all your infirmity, so also this temple shall be purified from all uncleanness, and from the demons dwelling in it, whom the apostle of God has ordered to go into a desert place; for so hath God commanded me, that I may manifest Him to you.  And when ye behold Him, fear nothing; but when I make the sign of the cross, so also do ye with your finger seal your faces, and these evil things will flee from you.  Then he showed them the demon who dwelt in the temple, like an Ethiopian, black as soot; his face sharp like a dog’s, thin-cheeked, with hair down to his feet, eyes like fire, sparks coming out of his mouth; and out of his nostrils came forth smoke like sulphur, with wings spined like a porcupine; and his hands were bound with fiery chains, and he was firmly kept in.  And the angel of the Lord said to him:  As also the apostle hath commanded, I let thee go; go where voice of man is not heard, and be there until the great day of judgment.  And when he let him go, he flew away, groaning and weeping, and disappeared.  And the angel of the Lord went up into heaven in the sight of all.

Then the king, and also the queen, with their two sons, and with all his people, and with all the multitude of the city, and every city round about, and country, and whatever land his kingdom ruled over, were saved, and believed, and were baptized in the name of the Father, and the Son, and the Holy Spirit.  And the king laid aside his diadem, and followed Bartholomew the apostle of Christ.

And after these things the unbelievers of the Greeks, having come together to Astreges^24222422    Abdias calls him Astyages; elsewhere he is called Sanathrugus. the king, who was the elder brother of the king who had been baptized, say to him:  O king, thy brother Polymius has become disciple to a certain magician, who has taken down our temples, and broken our gods to pieces.  And while they were thus speaking and weeping, behold, again there came also some others from the cities round about, both priests^24232423    Lit., no-priests—μιερεῖς for μὴ ἱερεῖς—a name given in scorn to heathen priests by Christian writers. and people; and 557they set about weeping and making accusations^24242424    Lit., calling out. before the king.  Then King Astreges in a rage sent a thousand armed men along with those priests, in order that, wherever they should find the apostle, they might bring him to him bound.  And when they had done so, and found him, and brought him, he says to him:  Art thou he who has perverted my brother from the gods?  To whom the apostle answered:  I have not perverted him, but have converted him to God.  The king says to him:  Art thou he who caused our gods to be broken in pieces?  The apostle says to him:  I gave power to the demons who were in them, and they broke in pieces the dumb and senseless idols, that all men might believe in God Almighty, who dwelleth in the heavens.  The king says to him:  As thou hast made my brother deny his gods, and believe in thy God, so I also will make you reject thy God and believe in my gods.  The apostle says to him:  If I have bound and kept in subjection the god which thy brother worshipped, and at my order the idols were broken in pieces, if thou also art able to do the same to my God, thou canst persuade me also to sacrifice to thy gods; but if thou canst do nothing to my God, I will break all thy gods in pieces; but do thou believe in my God.

And when he had thus spoken, the king was informed that this god Baldad^24252425    Abdias calls him Vualdath. and all the other idols had fallen down, and were broken in pieces.  Then the king rent the purple in which he was clothed, and ordered the holy apostle Bartholomew to be beaten with rods; and after having been thus scourged, to be beheaded.

And innumerable multitudes came from all the cities, to the number of twelve thousand, who had believed in him along with the king; and they took up the remains of the apostle with singing of praise and with all glory, and they laid them in the royal tomb, and glorified God.  And the king Astreges having heard of this, ordered him to be thrown into the sea; and his remains were carried into the island of Liparis.

And it came to pass on the thirtieth day after the apostle was carried away, that the king Astreges was overpowered by a demon and miserably strangled; and all the priests were strangled by demons, and perished on account of their rising against^24262426    Or it may mean:  that the apostle might be established. the apostle, and thus died by an evil fate.

And there was great fear and trembling, and all came to the Lord, and were baptized by the presbyters who had been ordained by the holy apostle Bartholomew.  And according to the commandment of the apostle, all the clergy of the people made King Polymius bishop; and in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ he received the grace of healing, and began to do signs.  And he remained in the bishopric twenty years; and having prospered in all things, and governed the church well, and guided it in right opinions,^24272427    Or, in orthodoxy. he fell asleep in peace, and went to the Lord:  to whom be glory and strength for ever and ever.  Amen.