Chapter XII.—The Eternal Home in Heaven. Beautiful Exposition by Tertullian of the Apostle’s Consolatory Teaching Against the Fear of Death, So Apt to Arise Under Anti-Christian Oppression. The Judgment-Seat of Christ—The Idea, Anti-Marcionite. Paradise.  Judicial Characteristics of Christ Which are Inconsistent with the Heretical Views About Him; The Apostle’s Sharpness, or Severity, Shows Him to Be a Fit Preacher of the Creator’s Christ.

As to the house of this our earthly dwelling-place, when he says that “we have an eternal home in heaven, not made with hands,”^57405740    2 Cor. v. 1. he by no means would imply that, because it was built by the Creator’s hand, it must perish in a perpetual dissolution after death.^57415741    As Marcion would have men believe. He treats of this subject in order to offer consolation against the fear of death and the dread of this very dissolution, as is even more manifest from what follows, when he adds, that “in this tabernacle of our earthly body we do groan, earnestly desiring to be clothed upon with the vesture which is from heaven,^57425742    2 Cor. v. 2, 3. if so be, that having been unclothed,^57435743    Despoliati. we shall not be found naked;” in other words, shall regain that of which we have been divested, even our body. And again he says: “We that are in this tabernacle do groan, not as if we were oppressed^57445744    Gravemur. with an unwillingness to be unclothed, but (we wish) to be clothed upon.”^57455745    2 Cor. v. 4. He here says expressly, what he touched but lightly^57465746    Strinxit. in his first epistle, where he wrote:)  “The dead shall be raised incorruptible (meaning those who had undergone mortality), “and we shall be changed” (whom God shall find to be yet in the flesh).^57475747    1 Cor. xv. 52. Both those shall be raised incorruptible, because they shall regain their body—and that a renewed one, from which shall come their incorruptibility; and these also shall, in the crisis of the last moment, and from their instantaneous death, whilst encountering the oppressions of anti-christ, undergo a change, obtaining therein not so much a divestiture of body as “a clothing upon” with the vesture which is from heaven.^57485748    Superinduti magis quod de cœlo quam exuti corpus. So that whilst these shall put on over their (changed) body this, heavenly raiment, the dead also shall for their part^57495749    Utique et mortui. recover their body, over which they too have a supervesture to put on, even the incorruption of heaven;^57505750    De cœlo. because of these it was that he said:  “This corruptible must put on incorruption, and this mortal must put on immortality.”^57515751    1 Cor. xv. 53. The one put on this (heavenly) apparel,^57525752    Induunt. when they recover their bodies; the others put it on as a supervesture,^57535753    Superinduunt. when they indeed hardly lose them (in the suddenness of their change). It was accordingly not without good reason that he described them as “not wishing indeed to be unclothed,” but (rather as wanting) “to be clothed upon;”^57545754    2 Cor. v. 4. in other words, as wishing not to undergo death, but to be surprised into life,^57555755    Vita præveniri. “that this moral (body) might be swallowed up of life,”^57565756    2 Cor. v. 4; and see his treatise, De Resurrect. Carnis, cap. xlii. by being rescued from death in the supervesture of its changed state. This is why he shows us how much better it is for us not to be sorry, if we should be surprised by death, and tells us that we even hold of God “the earnest of His Spirit”^57575757    2 Cor. v. 5. (pledged as it were thereby to have “the clothing upon,” which is the object of our hope), and that “so long as we are in the flesh, we are absent from the Lord;”^57585758    2 Cor. v. 6. moreover, that we ought on this account to prefer^57595759    Boni ducere. “rather to be absent from the body and to be present with the Lord,”^57605760    2 Cor. v. 8. and so to be ready to meet even death with joy.  In this 456view it is that he informs us how “we must all appear before the judgement-seat of Christ, that every one may receive the things done in his body, according as he hath done either good or bad.”^57615761    2 Cor. v. 10. Since, however, there is then to be a retribution according to men’s merits, how will any be able to reckon with^57625762    Deputari cum. God? But by mentioning both the judgment-seat and the distinction between works good and bad, he sets before us a Judge who is to award both sentences,^57635763    2 Cor. v. 10. and has thereby affirmed that all will have to be present at the tribunal in their bodies. For it will be impossible to pass sentence except on the body, for what has been done in the body. God would be unjust, if any one were not punished or else rewarded in that very condition,^57645764    Per id, per quod, i.e., corpus. wherein the merit was itself achieved.  “If therefore any man be in Christ, he is a new creature; old things are passed away; behold, all things are become new;”^57655765    2 Cor. v. 17. and so is accomplished the prophecy of Isaiah.^57665766    Isa. xliii. 19. When also he (in a later passage) enjoins us “to cleanse ourselves from all filthiness of flesh and blood”^57675767    His reading of 2 Cor. vii. 1. (since this substance enters not the kingdom of God^57685768    1 Cor. xv. 50.); when, again, he “espouses the church as a chaste virgin to Christ,”^57695769    2 Cor. xi. 2. a spouse to a spouse in very deed,^57705770    Utique ut sponsam sponso. an image cannot be combined and compared with what is opposed to the real nature of the thing (with which it is compared). So when he designates “false apostles, deceitful workers transforming themselves” into likenesses of himself,^57715771    2 Cor. xi. 13. of course by their hypocrisy, he charges them with the guilt of disorderly conversation, rather than of false doctrine.^57725772    Prædicationis adulteratæ. The contrariety, therefore, was one of conduct, not of gods.^57735773    A reference to Marcion’s other god of the New Testament, of which he tortured the epistles (and this passage among them) to produce the evidence. If “Satan himself, too, is transformed into an angel of light,”^57745774    2 Cor. xi. 14. such an assertion must not be used to the prejudice of the Creator. The Creator is not an angel, but God. Into a god of light, and not an angel of light, must Satan then have been said to be transformed, if he did not mean to call him “the angel,” which both we and Marcion know him to be. On Paradise is the title of a treatise of ours, in which is discussed all that the subject admits of.^57755775    Patitur. The work here referred to is not extant; it is, however, referred to in the De Anima, c. lv. I shall here simply wonder, in connection with this matter, whether a god who has no dispensation of any kind on earth could possibly have a paradise to call his own—without perchance availing himself of the paradise of the Creator, to use it as he does His world—much in the character of a mendicant.^57765776    Precario; “that which one must beg for.” See, however, above, book iv. chap. xxii. p. 384, note 8, for a different turn to this word. And yet of the removal of a man from earth to heaven we have an instance afforded us by the Creator in Elijah.^57775777    2 Kings ii. 11. But what will excite my surprise still more is the case (next supposed by Marcion), that a God so good and gracious, and so averse to blows and cruelty, should have suborned the angel Satan—not his own either, but the Creator’s—“to buffet” the apostle,^57785778    2 Cor. xii. 7, 8. and then to have refused his request, when thrice entreated to liberate him! It would seem, therefore, that Marcion’s god imitates the Creator’s conduct, who is an enemy to the proud, even “putting down the mighty from their seats.”^57795779    1 Sam. ii. 7, 8; Ps. cxlvii. 6; Luke i. 52. Is he then the same God as He who gave Satan power over the person of Job that his “strength might be made perfect in weakness?”^57805780    Job i. 12 and 2 Cor. xii. 9. How is it that the censurer of the Galatians^57815781    Gal. i. 6–9. still retains the very formula of the law:  “In the mouth of two or three witnesses shall every word be established?”^57825782    2 Cor. xiii. 1. How again is it that he threatens sinners “that he will not spare” them^57835783    2 Cor. xiii. 2.—he, the preacher of a most gentle god? Yea, he even declares that “the Lord hath given to him the power of using sharpness in their presence!”^57845784    2 Cor. xiii. 10. Deny now, O heretic, (at your cost,) that your god is an object to be feared, when his apostle was for making himself so formidable!