James of Edessa, Chronicle. Part 2

p.288

	Constantine the emperor apportioned and assigned money to the churches, and [apportioned it] also to the widows and to all who were occupied in divine service.								PERSIANS Sapor 69 yrs				ROMANS Constantine 32 yrs				TOTAL YEARS				Aithalloho,] the 19th bishop, [was] celebrated in Edessa, [and James] in Nisibis; and both of them were present [at] the [Synod of Nicaea]. Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч ЧЧ Ч Ч ЧЧ Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч stood Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч ЧЧ Ч Ч Чius Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч emperor Ч ЧЧ Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч ЧЧ Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч ЧЧ Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч not on account of the finding [of the cross Ч Ч ], but on account of the building Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч ЧЧ Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч ЧЧ Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч
																	TOTAL YEARS

	Constantine [sent] letters everywhere, both to all the bishops about [the peace] of the churches, and also to Macarius, bishop of Jerusalem about the building of [the church] of our Saviour, and [ordered] the bishops, [and also ordered] Eusebius to place in order the sacred books.									276th Olympiad
										20				21				1
										21				22				2
										22				23				3
										23				24				4
										277th Olympiad
										24				25				5
										25				26				6
										26				27				7
										27				28				8
										278th Olympiad
										28				29				9
										29				30				10
										30				31				11
										31				32				12
p.289
	Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Athanasius [returned] at [the beginning] of the reign of Constantine the younger. For <his father(?)> also, [before] he died, was ready to restore him. He sent a message also to the Alexandrines by a royal letter, in order that they might receive him.								36th, Constantine with his brothers, [24] yrs.												[Jul]ius [the 33^rd bishop,] was appointed in the church of [Rome] for 15 years. Maximus, the 42nd bishop, was appointed in the church of Jerusalem; His right eye had been knocked out in the heathen persecutions. Barni was appointed to succeed Habsay as 21st bishop in Edessa (1).
									36th, Constantine with his brothers, [24] yrs.
										279th Olympiad
										32				33				13
									13. At this [time] the Iberians also are attracted to Christianity by means of a certain Christian woman, who had gone to that country as a captive.


								At this time again Shabur raises a persecution against the Christians throughout his country, and in it many are martyred for Christ's sake. Shabur goes up to make war against Nisibis, and he returns from it in shame through the prayers of James the bishop; and immediately he goes in wrath and carries off captives from the whole of the land between [the rivers] and devastates it in the year [649].
																					[At] this time time this Synod was assembled (2).




p.290	Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч ЧЧ Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч ЧЧ Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч
	[But, since Eu]stathius, bishop of Antioch, had been sent into] exile in the lifetime of the elder Con[stantine, the ortho]dox ordain in place of Eustathius P[aulinus], while [the Arians] appointed Eulalius: and, when he [lived] but a short time, they put [Euphro]nius in his place: and, when [he] also did not [live long], Flacciltelas(3) was appointed by the A[rians] to succeed him, [and after] his death they ordain Stephen. And the Arians occupied all the churches of Antioch, while Paulinus [had] only [one] little one. [Now] in Constantinople, after Alexander fell asleep, who ruled the church 23 years, the orth[odox] ordain Paul, and the Arians Macedonius: [and, when] Paul was driven out by [the Arians], Macedonius came in Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч he brought Eusebius from [Nikomedeia Ч Ч Ч ] and rejected both of them.



1) Michael (fol. 86 r) mentions these bishops, but not the Edessa Chronicle or Gregory, in both of which authorities Abraham is the immediate successor of Aithalloho. In the list of bishops in Mich. fol. 415r the succession is Aithalloho, Abraham, Eulogius, Rabbulo, Aithalloho, Habsi, Barni, Abraham, Barse, Eulogius. 2) Possibly the Synod of Tyre is meant. The imperfect notice shows that our MS did not contain the full chronicle of James. 3) Flaccilus or Placitus; the two names seem to have been confused by the Syriac writers. p.291
A synod [at Antioch], and it performed the dedication.								PERSIANS				ROMANS				TOTAL YEARS
								Sapor				Constantius				TOTAL YEARS
Constantius ¹) the emperor [inclined] to the opinion of the Arians, [and] through him [they did] whatever [they wished].									33				2				14			When James, bishop of Nisibis, died, Walgash was appointed to succeed him.
									34				3				15
Athanas[ius] is immediately banished for the second time; and he fled and went to Julius at Rome; and with him [was] Constans the emperor, who [assembled] a synod at Serdica in the matter of Athanasius. And [two] bishops are sent by Constans from Rome to Antioch [to] Constantius, [Euphratas] and Vincent: and [Stephen prepared] a plot [against them.] ²)									35				4				16			At this time Antony the hermit was celebrated for asceticism.
									Constantine, the eldest emperor, died, when he had reigned 3 years.

									280th Olympiad
									36				5				17
									37				6				18


p.292	Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч ЧЧ Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч ЧЧ Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч
	[When Constans had reigned for 6 years at Rome, and also his nephew [Constant]ine the younger, the son [of his brother Constantine had reigned] for 3 years, they are both killed [by the soldiers] by the advice of Magnentius and Bretanio, while [Nepotian] also, who was of the royal family [and] had assumed the sovereignty in Rome, [is killed by the soldiers of] Magnentius. Magnentius accordingly [was in possession of] (3) the whole of Italy and Africa, while Bretanio (4) [was] proclaimed [at Si]rmium. But Constantius the emperor, when [he heard of] all these things, marched hastily against the usurpers, and when he had fought and [overcame] them [he ruled] alone.


1) Ms. = Constantinus. 2) Supplemented from Michael the Syrian. 3) This is the sense required. 4) Vetranio.
								PERSIANS				ROMANS				TOTAL YEARS
								Sapor				Constantius				TOTAL YEARS
Constantine ¹) makes war with the Franks and overcomes them. And the same year there were many earthquakes in the East, and especially at Antioch, throughout the year.									38				7				19			[A]thanas[ius is banished for the 3^rd time, and] the Arians ordain George, [a man of] their [opinions, to succeed him] at Alexandria.
									39				8				20
									281st Olympiad
p.293 The year 660 of the Greeks. This year Constantius built the city of Amida between the rivers; and the same year the Romans fought a battle with the Persians by night.									40				9				21
									41				10				22			[There are some] who say that in the year [6]58 of the Greeks the city of Amida was built.
									42				11				23
									44				12				24
									282nd Olympiad
A synod is held at Milan about the faith and about Athanasius; and they hold to the holy definition of faith drawn up at Nikaia and acquit Athanasius. p.294 This year, the 15^th [of C]onsta[n]t[ius], was the battle between Constantius and Ma[g]nentius.									44				13				25			Liberius, the 34^th bishop, was appointed in the church [of] the Romans for 7 years. Ephraim, the Syrian doctor, was distinguished at Nisibis at this time. [The city of] Tella between the rivers was built and was called [Cons]tant[ia], which [was] formerly called [Antipolis]. [Liberius, bishop] of Rome, is sent into exile Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч
									45				14				26
									46				15				27



								PERSIANS				ROMANS				TOTAL YEARS
Magnentius killed himself, and Decentius his brother was strangled. Constant[ius] gives orders, and Gallus the Caesar is put to death in the year 666. Constantius makes Julian, the brother of Gallus, Caesar in the year 667.								Sapor				Constantius				TOTAL YEARS
									47				16				28
									283rd Olympiad
									48				17				29			Da[masus], the 35^th bishop, [was appointed] in the church of the Romans for 19 years.
Leontius of Antioch died, and immediately Eudoxius of Germanicia seizes the see of that city.									49				18				30
									50				19				31			[In this time Abraham Qidunaya followed the ascetic life]. ²
									51				20				32
At this time Apollinaris was notable. ¹									284th Olympiad
Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч									52				21				33
									53				22				34
									54				23				35
									55				24				36
p.295	Upon the death of Arseni[u]s, whom the Arians appointed in Jerusalem, [who] was the 44^th bishop, Herakleios, an Arian, succeeded as the 45^th, and after him Hilarion, the 46^th. At this time Aetius, who was the teacher of Eunomius, was distinguished. Julian the Caesar rebels against the emperor Constantius; and, when the emperor heard of the rebellion of Julian, he went out from Antioch to march against him and died in Cilicia. When Eudoxius was expelled from Antioch, he expelled Macedonius from Constantinople and occupied the church there. Afterwards the Arians appoint Meletius to succeed Eudoxius at Antioch. When then Meletius did not teach in accordance with the opinion of the Arians, they expel him and appoint Euzoius in his place; but he was appointed in the church of the orthodox in the city. And some of the orthodox, avoiding the communion of Meletius, appointed [Paulinu]s, an old man, to be their bishop [by the instrumentality of Lucifer], because of what has already previously [been stated] above [that he was appointed to succeed Eus]tathius.
1) Supplemented from Michael the Syrian. 2) From the Chronicle of Edessa and Michael the Syrian
								PERSIANS			37th of the ROMANS					TOTAL YEARS				At [this] time Eusebius [bishop of Samosata] was celebrated Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч
								Sapor			Julian [for 1 year 7 months]					TOTAL YEARS
									285th Olympiad
									56				1				37
									57				2				38
p.296	Upon the death of Julian they appoint Jovian [emperor] over them. He, making amity and peace [with Sapor, gave] him Nisibis.
								PERSIANS			38th of the ROMANS					TOTAL YEARS				Athanasius returns to Alexandria from his fourth exile and occupies the see for 6 years. Jovian after reigning 7 months only, died in Bithynia. And when Eunomius had been expelled, he separated himself from the Arians then they became two parties. There was a great earthquake; and there was a synod of bishops [at L]ampsacus in the 7^th year [after] that of Seleucia.
								Sapor			Jovian [for 7 months]					TOTAL YEARS
									58				1				39
[The] anger of God happens at Alexandria. ¹								39th Valentinus with Valens his brother and Gratian, for 14 years

680th year of the Greeks					There was				59				1				40
a great earthquake and Nicaea fell, in the									286th Olympiad
[p.297] month of Tesrin I, on the 11th day. And in that year there was another earthquake.(2)									60				2				41			Procopius the tyrant died in the 2^nd year of the emperors.
									61				3				42
									62				4				43			There is a great and marvellous hail in Constantinople.
									63				5				44			Gratian became emperor on the 24^th [of] August in the 3^rd [year] of the emperors. One synod is assembled [ in] Illyricum, and another at Rome, [ and] they confirm the confession of the consubstantiality.
									287th Olympiad
								The emperors write to the bishops of Asia and to all the bishops of the diocese of the East, and they confirm the confession and faith of Nicaea.


[Eudoxius died] in the 3^rd [year] of the two emperors, which is [the year 678 of the Greeks, and] the Arians [ordained] D[em]ophilos. (3)
1) This event relates to year 40 of the Chronicle. 2) This event relates to year 41. 3) It is hard to see how this sentence can be filled up except as above; but either some unusual expression was used or there is a copyist's error. Eudoxius did not in fact die until 370, the 6^th year of Valentinian and Valens: cf. also ann. 45 (370), where Eudoxius is represented apparently as still alive.

p.298 Valens went out against the barbarians, who had crossed the river Istros; and he fought and overcame them, and expelled them from the land of the Romans. Further also, when he made peace with them, he put constraint upon them, and all the Goths became Arians by the advice of the impious Eudoxius.								PERSIANS				ROMANS				TOTAL YEARS
								Sapor				Valens				TOTAL YEARS				Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч were deceived [ Ч Ч by Eudoxius] the impious Ч Ч and accepted [the opinion] of the Arians.
									64				6				45
									65				7				46
After Athanasiu[s] had served the bishopric 4[6] years, and had made 28[4] bishops, and had been sent into exile [p.299] five times, he fell asleep piously on the 2nd of Iyar; and after him Peter, the 20th bishop, was appointed in the church of the Alexandr[ines] for 7 years.									66				8				47			[Valen]s [makes] a persecution against the orthodox and sends many bishops into exile. Athanasius the combatant also is expelled from his church for the 5th time, and the Arians ordain Lucius in his place, whom the Samosatenes expelled from their city.
									67				9				48
									288th Olympiad
									68				10				49
									69				11				50
The orthodox are expelled from the church of the Edess[enes] by the Arians, and Bar[se] the bishop is also [sent] into exile.								10th Ardashir son of Sapor, for 3 years and 8 months
								10th Ardashir son of Sapor, for 3 years and 8 months
The blessed my lord Ephraim, having been celebrated in Edessa up to this time, died in the year 684 of the Greeks on the 9th of June.									1				12				51			At this time Gregory, hishop of Nazianzos, is established in Constantinople by the orthodox bishops to look after the believers there; for he was celebrated at that time, as were Basil of Caesarea, and Gregory of Nyssa and Peter of Sebasteia, the brothers of Basil.
								Valentinian died after a reign of 12 years, and Gratian his son ruled after him, who had also been made αὐτοκράτωρ in his father's lifetime at Rome.
At this [time] Libanius the s[ophist] was distinguished at Antioch. And [at] Alexandria] Didymos, [a blind man], was celebrated as an expounder of the Scriptures and of the authors. In the same Antioch also Afrahat the monk too was celebrated for asceticism, who also reproved Valens.

									2				13				52


The Arabs rise up against the land of the Romans [Ч Ч Ч and] a woman, [whose name was Mu`awiya,] reigned over them. Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч they made peace Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч cleverness Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч

p. 300 [Valens] gave [license to the pagans] to sacrifice [at Antioch, and also to the Jews] that they might govern themselves according Ч Ч Ч. Only against the orthodox he stirred up a persecution, allowing the Arians to do with them whatever they pleased. For this reason therefore, when he was in Nicomedia, he gave orders that some presbyters, [who] had come to him from Byzantium [to] accuse the Arians, should be burnt with the ship [on which] they had come in the midst of the sea; and in fact they were burnt.								PERSIANS				ROMANS				TOTAL YEARS
								Ardashir				Valens				TOTAL YEARS
									289th Olympiad
									3				14				53

								Isaac the monk, who was celebrated at this time, was distinguished in Constantinople; who reproved Valens, when he went out to fight with the Goths and Avars(?) and was killed there. For, when [the Romans] were defeated [and] fled, the barbar[ians] found him [in a village] and burnt him with fire together with it. [As] they said (?), when his brother was alive, [and he asked him for help] against the ba[r]barians, [he said, "It is not lawful to] help a man who fights with God".



p.301								40th, Theodosius, for 16 years and 8 months
Year 690 of the Greeks.									4				1				54			Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч
								11th Sapor, for 4 years and 4 months
									1				2				55
									2				3				56
									290th Olympiad
The city of Rhesaina between the rivers was built.									3				4				57
The city of Rhesaina between the rivers was built.

p.302
[In the year 69]1 of the Greeks, which is the 4^th year of Theodosius¹), [he assembled a synod of bish]ops in the royal city of Constantinople, who] anathematized Macedonius, the fighter against the Spirit, and those who shared his [opinions]. When the synod met, it dismissed Gregory, that he might go to Nazianzos, and appointed Nectarius 6^th bishop there.



1) According to the canon of James AS 691 (380) is the 2^nd year of Theodosius. The error is perhaps due to a confusion between two authorities, since the Chronicle of Edessa places the synod in AS 693. The year 58, to which the notice seems to be assigned, answers to the 5th of Theodosius; but, as the notice is at the top of a page, we should perhaps refer it to the last year on the preceding page, i. e., 57 = the 4th of Theodosius.
								PERSIANS				ROMANS				TOTAL YEARS
								Sapor				Theodosius				TOTAL YEARS
Upon the death of Meletius the great in the Synod Flavian is appointed in his place as 33^rd bishop in the church of Antioch. Arcadius was proclaimed emperor by his father. The other orthodox party in Antioch [after] Paulinus appoint [Evagrius] bish[op] over them.									4				5				58			At this time were celebrated the bishops Amphilochius of Iconium, Ambrose of [M]ilan, [Op]timus of Antioch in Pisidia, and Diodoros of Tarsos.
								12th, Warahran Garmanshah, son of Sapor the great, brother of Ardashir and Sapor who were before him, for ten years and 11 months.


																				Theophilus was appointed 22^nd bishop in Alexandria for 27 years.
									1				6				59
p.303									2				7				60			Cyrus was appointed 25^th bishop in Edessa.
Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч									291st Olympiad
									3				8				61
									4				9				62
									5				10				63
									6				11				64			Year 700 of the Greeks.
									292nd Olympiad
									7				12				65
									8				13				66
									9				14				67
								The Emperor Valentinian died and Eugenius rebelled.
Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч of Theophilus the bishop Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч showed intense eagerness to Ч Ч Ч Ч Constantinople.

p.304								PERSIANS				ROMANS				TOTAL YEARS
								Warahran				Theodosius				TOTAL YEARS
Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч at Antioch Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч									10				15				68
									293rd Olympiad
[John] the ascetic was distinguished at this time in Egypt; to [whom] Theodosius [sent] Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч usurper Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч but Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч and victory Ч Ч Ч and [his] death Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч . But, when he was ready to march, he proclaimed [his] son Honor[ius] emperor. Anastasius was appointed 37th bishop in the church of Rome.									11				16				69
								Theodosius marched against Eugenius the tyrant: and, when they joined battle, the tyrant was defeated and killed in the 3rd consulship of Arcadius and the 2nd of Honorius.




p.305								13th Yezdigerd son of Sapor for 21 years.
									1				17				70			[Theodos]ius died, [and Arcad]ius [and Honorius reigned after] him, [Arcadius] at Constantinople, [and Honorius at Rome.]
								41st reigned Arcadius with Honorius for 13 years.
								41st reigned Arcadius with Honorius for 13 years.

Arbogast killed himself Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч

p.306								PERSIANS				ROMANS				TOTAL YEARS
								Yezdegerd				Arcadius				TOTAL YEARS
[Upon the death of Nectarius John, who was called] Ch[rysostom, was appointed 5th bishop in Constantinople, who was brought] from Antioch to [Constantinople].									2				1				71
									3				2				72			Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч [and Sisinn]ius, Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч a learned man, was distinguished at [this] time.
									294th Olympiad
									4				3				73
									5				4				74
									6				5				75
									7				6				76
									295th Olympiad
[Gainas] the Goth raised a rebellion against Arcadius; and [on fighting taking place he was defeated] in the consulship. of Stilicho and Aurelian, or, [as some] say, in the following consulship. [At this time] some monks are sent by John to Phoenicia by the emperor's [orders] to destroy the temples of the heathen and to break in pieces the idols and graven images.
p.307									8				7				77
Theodore, [bishop] of M[opsuestia, a city] in C[ilicia], was distinguished at this time as an expounder of the Scriptures Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч In Edessa, [after the death of Peqida Diogenius was appointed 28th bishop].									9				8				78
								Accusations are made against John the bishop, and he is sent into exile, and Arsacius is appointed to succeed him there as 6th bishop. Then [after] John's deposition the dioceses of east [and west] are in schism.
																				Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч legation Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч of the Romans Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч


* p.308									* 10				9				79
									11				10				80
									296th Olympiad


								PERSIANS				ROMANS				TOTAL YEARS
								Yezdegerd				Arcadius				TOTAL YEARS
									12				11				81
									13				12				82
									14				13				83
									42nd Theodosius, for 42 years
									15				1				84
									297th Olympiad
									16				2				85
									17				3				86
									18				4				87
									19				5				88
									298th Olympiad
									20				6				89
									21				7				90
									14th Warahan, son of Yezdegerd, for 22 years
									1				8				91
									2				9				92
									299th Olympiad
									3				10				93
									4				11				94
									5				12				95
									6				13				96
Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч also Ч Ч Ч And ¹, when they were drawn up in battle array [the Persians were conquered, and seven generals of the Persians] ² were killed by Ardabu[riu]s, the Roman general, [and by Areobindus and Bitia]nus, the Roman generals. The Saracens also were drowned in the Euphrates [who came to the help for the Persians] ³ Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч
1) For this year see the Chronicle of Marcellinus for 421, and the Chronicon Paschale p. 579. 2) Supplemented from Michael the Syrian. 3) Supplemented from Socrates Scholasticus.
								PERSIANS				ROMANS				TOTAL YEARS
								Warahran				Theodosius				TOTAL YEARS
									300th Olympiad
									7				14				97
									8				15				98
									9				16				99
									10				17				100
									301st Olympiad
									11				18				101
									12				19				102
									13				20				103
									14				21				104
									302nd Olympiad
									15				22				105
									16				23				106
									17				24				107
									18				25				108
									303rd Olympiad
									19				26				109
									20				27				110
									21				28				111

								PERSIANS				ROMANS				TOTAL YEARS
								Warahran				Theodosius				TOTAL YEARS
									22				29				112
* p. 309									* 15th Yezdegerd, son of Warahan, for 19 years
									304th Olympiad
									1				30				113			Dioskoros was appointed 24^th bishop in the church of Alexandria for 8 years.
									2				31				114
									3				32				115			Leo was appointed 43^rd bishop in the church of Rome for 21 years.
									4				33				116
									305th Olympiad
									5				34				117
									6				35				118
									7				36				119
									8				37				120
									306th Olympiad
									9				38				121
									10				39				122
									11				40				123
									12				41				124
p.310
Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч and of the monk Barsauma.
Upon the expulsion of Domnos and Hibo Nonnos was appointed in Edessa, and in Antioch Maximus, the 41^st bishop.								PERSIANS				ROMANS				TOTAL YEARS
								Yezdegerd				Theodosius				TOTAL YEARS
									307th Olympiad
In Constantinople Anatolius was appointed 13th bishop.									13				42				125
In Constantinople Anatolius was appointed 13th bishop.									43rd Marcian, for 6 years and 6 months
At this time Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч									14				1				126
Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч									15				2				127	(1)
Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч ЧЧ Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч ЧЧ Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч ЧЧ Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч
Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч ЧЧ Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч ЧЧ Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч ЧЧ Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч
									16				3				128
									308th Olympiad
									17				4				129
									18				5				130
									19				6				131
									16th Piruz (son of Yezdegerd) ² for 27 years
									44th Leo for 18 years

1) From here to 152 added by the editor. 2) Missing from Michael. p. 311.
Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч way Ч Ч Ч fervent, shunning [the communion] of the bishops who had swerved from [the faith], those of Jerusalem [appointed Theodosiu]s [in place of Juvenal], while those of Alexandria [appointed Timothy in place of Proterius]. In like manner also in many places Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч. But the bishops who had swerved from [the faith, since] they were [not accepted] by the churches, and they would not endure their [communion], not considering their folly, Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч [out of] desire of power made use of worldly authorities and [the sword of tyranny Ч Ч Ч Ч ] to get possession of churches and sees [and the flock Ч Ч Ч Ч which] was purchased with the blood of Christ. Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч ЧЧ Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч


								PERSIANS				ROMANS				TOTAL YEARS
								Piruz				Leo				TOTAL YEARS
									1				1				132
									309th Olympiad
									2				2				133
									3				3				134
									4				4				135
									5				5				136
									310th Olympiad
									6				6				137
									7				7				138

	PERSIANS				ROMANS				TOTAL YEARS						PERSIANS				ROMANS				TOTAL YEARS
	Piruz				Leo				TOTAL YEARS						Piruz				Leo				TOTAL YEARS
		8				8				139						313th Olympiad
		9				9				140						18				18				149
		311th Olympiad														45th Leo the less, for 1 year
		10				10				141						19				1				150
		11				11				142						46th Zeno, for 16 years
		12				12				143						20				1				151
		13				13				144						Basilicus usurped the imperium, and he and his son Marcus reigned for two years.
		312th Olympiad
		14				14				145						314th Olympiad
		15				15				146						21				2				152
		16				16				147
		17				17				148
p.312
Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч patrician Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч his son Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч								PERSIANS				ROMANS				TOTAL YEARS
								Piruz				Zeno				TOTAL YEARS
									22				3				153			Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч ¹) Ч Ч Ч Ч And after a short time [Peter was expelled], and after him Calandion, a Nestorian, was 45th bishop. In Alexandria, on the death of [Timothy] Salofaciolus ²) Peter, [who is called] Mongos, [succeeded him as] 26th [bishop. But,] when [Zeno heard of it,] Peter is expelled [after a] short [time] from Alexandria, and Salofaciolus [ took his place.] In Jerusalem Martyrius was appointed 52nd [bishop].
									23				4				154
									24				5				155
									25				6				156
									315th Olympiad
									26				7				157
									27				8				158
									17th Valash (son of Yezdegerd) for 4 years
									1				9				159
									2				10				160
									316th Olympiad
									3				11				161
									4				12				162
									18th Qawad son of Piruz for 11 years
									1				13				163
									2				14				164
									317th Olympiad
p.313 Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч									3				15				165
Ч Ч Calandion of Antioch [was] also an accomplice. For this reason, when after 3 years these men had									4				16				166			Sallustius [was appointed] 53^rd [bishop] in Jerusalem.
									47th Anastasius the Silentiary for 27 years
been overcome by Zeno, Calandion also was expelled from Antioch, and Peter came in again by the emperor's orders.
Leontius and Illous are taken and killed.
Theoderic came as far as Rhegion Malanthiodes(?), and he went on and passed into Thrace; and he burnt and destroyed much property and withdrew.
Theoderic the usurper entered Rome; and Arcadius (3) the Anti-Caesar, who had been appointed there by Zeno, fled before him to Ravenna; and [he carried off captives from the whole area of Italy.
Zenon gave orders, and Pelagius 4) was strangled Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч
1) In this lacuna is a fragment containing the name of Kalandion, and another containing the name of Patrick or 'patrician'. 2) Clearly an error for Timothy Aelurus. Chron. Edess. LXVIII. 'Dion.' (Rev. de l'Or. Chret. 1897). 3) Actually Odoacer. 4) Bishop of Crete.
Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч fled Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч								PERSIANS				ROMANS				TOTAL YEARS
								Qawad				Anastasius				TOTAL YEARS				Upon the death of [Palladius Flavian was appointed 47th bishop] in Antioch.
									5				1				167
									6				2				168			[In Alexandria John was appointed] 28^th bishop.
									318th Olympiad
									7				3				169
Euphemius having been expelled from Constantinople, [after him as 18th bishop was Macedonius. (3) Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч									8				4				170
									9				5				171
Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч sedition									10				6				172
ЧЧ Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч of the Isaurians Ч Ч Ч									319th Olympiad
The payment of gold (4) [was remitted] to the workmen [throughout the land] of the Romans. [A large number of locusts], came, but [did] not [do much damage.									11				7				173
									Zamasph, brother of Qawad, revolted and reigned 2 years.
									Zamasph, brother of Qawad, revolted and reigned 2 years.
There was] a great earthquake, [and the hot spring of Abarne] was dried up [for three days.]									1				8				174
									2				9				175
* p.315									* Qawad killed his brother and reigned 30 years.
									* Qawad killed his brother and reigned 30 years.
									1				10				176
[A comet] appeared.									320th Olympiad
A large number of locusts [damaged] all the crops, and [there was] a severe famine throughout the land between the rivers.									2				11				177
									3				12				178

A great fire appeared in the northern quarter and burned throughout the night. And immediately after a short time the Huns went out and made war with the Persians.
Kawad came from Armenia [and encamped against] the city of Amida between the rivers, [and, when] he had taken it, he massacred within [it] eighty thousand men.
3) The fragment that follows refers to the rebellion of the Isaurians. (4) The Chrysargyrum.
P. 316. Qawad came against Edessa, which he was unable to attack Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч ЧЧ Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч
[Five] Roman [generals] are sent out; and they fought [against Nisibis] and could not take it. For this reason Dara is built on the frontier of the Romans.								PERSIANS				ROMANS				TOTAL YEARS				Anastasius was appointed 48th bishop in the church of Rome.
								Qawad				Anastasius				TOTAL YEARS				Anastasius was appointed 48th bishop in the church of Rome.
									4				13				179			Elias was appointed 54th bishop in the church of Jerusalem. John was appointed 29th bishop in the church of Alexandria for 11 years.
									5				14				180
									321st Olympiad
Year 820 of the Greeks									6				15				181			Simeon, bishop of Beth Arsham, was celebrated in prison at this time.
Year 820 of the Greeks									7				16				182
The emperor gives orders [to open the coffin] of the martyr Euphe[mia and bring out] from there the ordinance laid down by the Synod [ of Chalcedon] and burn it.									8				17				183
									9				18				184
									322nd Olympiad
									10				19				185			Paul was appointed 34th bishop in Edessa.
Vitalian rebelled [against the emperor]; and, when H[ypatius] went against him, he was defeated and taken prisoner by him.									11				20				186
									12				21				187			When Macedonius was banished from Constantinople, Timothy took his place as 19th bishop. And in Antioch, when Flavian was banished, Severus was appointed 48th bishop.
									13				22				188
Dioscorus was appointed 30th bishop in Alexandria for [ 3] years.									323rd Olympiad
									14				23				189
Anastasius died on [the 9th] of tammuz (1).			A great and terrible comet appeared in the East.						15				24				190
			A great and terrible comet appeared in the East.						16				25				191
			Elijah was banished from Jerusalem, and John was appointed 55th bishop.						17				26				192			Symmachos was appointed 49th bishop in Rome for 6 years.
									324th Olympiad											Symmachos was appointed 49th bishop in Rome for 6 years.
John was appointed 20th bishop in Constantinople, while in Rome Hormisdas was appointed 50th bishop.									18				27				193
									48th Justin for 9 years
When Justin became emperor, [he accepted] the synod of Chalcedon; and Severus [withdrew] from Antioch, and Paul the Jew [was appointed 49th] bishop there. [And after] one year they banished him; and Euphrasius [was appointed] 50th bishop.									19				1				194
									20				2				195
								In the first year of Justin, Vitalian, after being reconciled, was killed, he and Paul the notary and Celerian his domestic.

								In the 2nd year of Justin John, bishop of Constantinople, died, and [Epiphanius] took his place [as 21st bishop].
Amantius the provost and Theocritus and Andrew the chamberlain were put to death, because they tried to prevent the proclamation [of the Synod of Chalcedon].



(1) July. p. 318.
There went out an order [from the emperor to] the soldiers that they should all assent [to the Synod] of Chalcedon: and in fact they assented.
[Corinth] was overthrown by an earthquake (3). The Homerites were martyred in the town of Nigron. There was a flood in Edessa.								PERSIANS				ROMANS				TOTAL YEARS				[Paul assembled the bish]ops [of Syria and restored to] their churches [all those who] accepted the Synod of Chalcedon.
								Qawad				Justin				TOTAL YEARS
									21				3				196			[Asclepius] was appointed [35th] bishop in Edessa.
John was appointed 51st bishop in Rome; after him as the 52nd bishop was Felix.									325th Olympiad											[Timothy was appointed 31st] bishop [in Alexandria for 17 years.
									22				4				197
Antioch and Seleucia were overthrown in an earthquake. A cross of light appeared in the sky in the northern quarter, and the church of Antioch was burnt.									23				5				198
									24				6				199			[In Jerusalem Macarius was appointed] 56th bishop; after him was [Peter, the 57th bishop] (1).
The Persians and Saracens came as far as the districts of Antioch and Apameia.									25				7				200
									326th Olympiad
									26				8				201			Ephraim was appointed 51st bishop in Antioch.
There was a riot in Constantinople, and the church was burned, and Hypatius was put to death.									27				9				202			Anthimos was appointed 22nd bishop in Constantinople.
									49th Justinian for 38 years											Andrew was appointed 36th bishop in Edessa.
The Persians came to the land between the rivers and fought against Martyropolis, and they laid many places waste and carried off captives from them.									28				1				203
									29				2				204			Addai was appointed 37th bishop in Edessa.
									327th Olympiad											In Rome Bonofatius was appointed 53rd bishop; and, when he soon died, John entered upon the see, the predecessor of Felix, of whom it was previously stated that he had been expelled (2): and after [surviving] a short time he died, [and] Agapetus became 54th bishop.
The Huns went out and carried off captives and devastated as far as the districts of Antioch. Rufinus and Hermogenes, the master of the offices, were sent by Justinian to Khosru; and he made peace for 7 years.									30				3				205
									18th (3) Khosrau son of Qawad, for 47 years
									1				4				206
The Samaritans rebelled and set up a chief for themselves; and the Romans came and massacred them.									2				5				207			[And] Justinian assembled before him the expelled bishops; and Severus came to him with many others, and they speak about the peace of the churches: and they did not effect anything, because Agapetus prevented it.
									3				6				208
									328th Olympiad
Belisarius the general went and took Carthage and brought the usurper, who had rebelled there, prisoner; and with him came also Agapetus of Rome and died in Constantinople; and Silverius took his place in Rome as 55th bishop.									4				7				209
									5				8				210
									6				9				211
									7				10				212
									329th Olympiad
									8				11				213			Upon the departure of Anthimus Menas was appointed 23rd bishop in Constantinople.
									9				12				214
The orthodox in Alexandria are divided; some [ordain Gaianus, and others] Theodosius, the 32nd bishop: who when he had ministered for 2 years [was expelled Ч Ч Ч Ч].

(1) James has transposed these two bishops. (2) The succession of John and Felix is mentioned in the opposite column of the same page in the MS (see p. 263), but nothing is there stated as to John being expelled, which shows that our MS is only an epitome of the work of James. (3) Evagrius (4. 8) also places the earthquake of Corinth in the reign of Justin. 'Dionysios' places it in AS 841. p.320:
There was a hard and severe persecution in the land between the rivers, and upon all those who would not consent to communicate with the Synod of Chalcedon: and all the monks were expelled from their cloisters and lived in the open air in the frost; and the winter happened to be a hard one with much frost and snow, so that many men and animals died in it.
Ephraim assembled a synod of 132 bishops in Antioch and anathematized the Synod: and there was a severe persecution in Amida, and many were killed.
The peace between the kingdoms was broken; and the same, year in Kanun 1) there was a great comet in the evening for 40 days; and then in the same year, [which is the year 850] of the Greeks, Khosru went up [and carried off captives from] Soura and Berrhoia and Ant[ioch] and Apameia and their territories. And the Romans [also] carried off captives from the lands of the K[urds] and the Arzanenians and the Arabs.								PERSIANS				ROMANS				TOTAL YEARS				Severus died. Vigilius was appointed 56th bishop in Rome. John Philoponus was celebrated in Alexandria at this time. Zoilus was banished from Alexandria, and Apollinarius was appointed.
								Khosrau				Justinian				TOTAL YEARS
									10				13				215
									11				14				216
									330th Olympiad
									12				15				217			And after Ephraim Domninus becomes 52nd bishop in Antioch.
									13				16				218			Mark became 58th bishop in Jerusalem.
Khosrau went up and carried off captives from Callinicus and the whole of the southern portion of the land between the rivers.									14				17				219
									15				18				220			Two bishops are now ordained in the East by those who did not assent to the Synod of Chalcedon, James and Theodore, because their bishops had failed on account of the persecution of the Chalcedonians.
									331st Olympiad
There was a great pestilence [throughout] the earth, which began in Ethiopia [above] Egypt in the year 853 of the Greeks, while in the year 854 it spread over the whole district of the East.									16				19				221
									17				20				222
									18				21				223
The Romans went down [with an army] and destroyed much property in the country [of the Persians].									19				22				224
									332nd Olympiad
									20				23				225			Eutychos was appointed 24th bishop in Constantinople.
Khosru again went and took Petra, a city in Lazica, and placed a garrison there.									21				24				226
									22				25				227			Amazon was appointed 38th bishop in Edessa. There was a pestilence among oxen throughout the countries of the East for 2 years, so much so that the fields were left uncultivated for lack of oxen. In the 25th year of the reign of Justinian the emperor the bishops were assembled in Constantinople, and the synod was held which is called [the fifth Synod: and] he commanded them, and they anathematized Theodoret and Theodore and Hibo and their writings.
Khosru went and fought against Edessa and carried off captives from Batnai. And thenceforward it happened that the Romans fought against it for [a time; and after] 7 years they defeated the Persians and took it from [them] (2).


There was a great famine and scarcity throughout the district of the East; and all this was so severe that, though many ate men, they could not satisfy themselves.

Theodora the empress died.							Theo[dosius] and Anthimos and							Year 860 of the Greeks
many archimandrites were summoned to Constantinople by the emperor [concerning] the peace of the churches.
The barbarians took [Rome and] utterly destroyed it; [and ???] fled from it [to Constantinople Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч peace Ч Ч Ч Ч

(1) December or January. (2) The MS is here out of order, since it is clear that this statement applies not to Edessa, which was never taken by the Persians, but to Petra, and so it in fact appears in Michael the Syrian, who follows the same authority as James.
								PERSIANS				ROMANS				TOTAL YEARS				The emperor commanded that the monks who had been driven away should return to their cloisters.
								Khosrau				Justinian				TOTAL YEARS
									23				26				228			At this time [arose] the heresy of the Agnoetes.
									333rd Olympiad											Pelagius was appointed 57th bishop in Rome.
There appeared fire in the sky in the North for several days. In this way it also appeared like a terrible comet.									24				27				229			When the persecution of the believers in the East had ceased a little, [they ordained] for themselves as archbishop in place of Severus a man of Thello called Sergius of the [archive-]house; and he soon died.
									25				28				230
									26				29				231
There was an assembly of many monks from the East before the emperor concerning the peace of the churches; and with them went up also James the bishop.									27				30				232
									334th Olympiad
									28				31				233			In Jerusalem Eustathius was appointed 59th bishop.
									29				32				234
									30				33				235			John was appointed 39th bishop in Edessa (1).
The heresy of the Tritheites arose at this time. Those evil things which were done among men by Photius the monk.									31				34				236			John was appointed 58th bishop in Rome.
									335th Olympiad											In Antioch Anastasius was appointed 53rd bishop.
The emperor drew up an edict concerning the faith, and ordered that no one should stir up any question about the faith at all, but that everyone should believe in accordance with the edict, and those who did not assent to it should be driven out.									32				35				237
									33				36				238			John of Sarmin was appointed 25th bishop in Constantinople after the expulsion of Eutychos his predecessor.
									34				37				239
									35				38				240			In Edessa Epiphanius was appointed [40th] bishop (1).
(p. 323)									* 50th Justin for 13 years											Now the orthodox had the following bishops; in Syria were James and Theodore; and in Constantinople were John of Asia and Theodosius of Alexandria, who died at this time.
									336th Olympiad
									36				1				241
									37				2				242
									38				3				243
									39				4				244
									337th Olympiad
The orthodox appoint as archbishop in Syria Paul who came from Alexandria, who is called "of Beth Ukhome".
[Anastasius is expelled] from Antioch, and Gregory becomes bishop.
John is sent to Alexandria from Co]nstant[inople] by the [Ch]alcedonians in succession to Ap[ollinarius]
Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч
(1) Not known from any other source.
	PERSIANS				ROMANS				TOTAL YEARS						PERSIANS				ROMANS				TOTAL YEARS
	Khosrau				Justin				TOTAL YEARS						Hormizd				Maurice				TOTAL YEARS
		40				5				245						13				8				265
		41				6				246						20th Khosrau son of Hormizd for 38 years
		42				7				247						1				9				266
		43				8				248						2				10				267
		338th Olympiad														3				11				268
		44				9				249						343rd Olympiad
		45				10				250						4				12				269
		46				11				251						5				13				270
		47				12				252						6				14				271
		19th Hormizd son of Khosrau for 13 years														7				15				272
		339th Olympiad														344th Olympiad
		48				13				253						8				16				273
		51st Tiberius for 4 years														9				17				274
		49				1				254						10				18				275
		50				2				255						11				19				276
		51				3				256						345th Olympiad
		340th Olympiad
		52				4				257
		52nd Maurice for 20 years
		53				1				258
		54				2				259
		55				3				260
		341st Olympiad
		56				4				261
		57				5				262
		58				6				263
		59				7				264
		342nd Olympiad
p. 324
Maurice is killed, and all his sons with him (1). The peace between the Romans and the Persians is dissolved.								PERSIANS				ROMANS				TOTAL YEARS
								Khosrau				Maurice				TOTAL YEARS
									12				20				277			Severus, bishop of Edessa, was stoned.
									53rd Phocas for 7 years and 8 months											The believers in the East made Athanasius archbishop.
Narses rebelled against Phocas and came to Edessa and occupied it and was besieged in it.									13				1				278
									14				2				279			The believers in Edessa had Paul for their bishop, while the Chalcedonians. appoint Theodosius for themselves (2).
The Persians took the city of Dara.									15				3				280
									346th Olympiad
									16				4				281			The bishops of, the district of the East (and with them were monks and many people) fled to Egypt before the Persians.
The Persians took the fortress of Tur `Abdin.									17				5				282
									18				6				283
The Persians took the city of Amida, also Tella, also Rhesaina.									19				7				284
									347th Olympiad
Year 920 of the Greeks									347th Olympiad
Year 920 of the Greeks									20				8				285			In Alexandria Cyrus was appointed bishop for the Chalcedonians.
The Romans kill Phocas and make Heraclius emperor.									54th Heraclius for 32 years
The Romans kill Phocas and make Heraclius emperor.									21				1				286			[The union] of the believers was made in Alexandria ( 3).
The Persians took Edessa.									22				2				287			The bishops are expelled Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч
The Persians conquered the whole of Syria and Phoenicia and Palestine.									23				3				288			Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч the Persians from
									348th Olympiad											Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч
Heraclius made [his son] Constantine [Augustus].									348th Olympiad											Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч of the Romans
Heraclius made [his son] Constantine [Augustus].									24				4				289			Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч of the Orient; and he came
									25				5				290			Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч
									26				6				291			Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч
The Persians took [Egypt] and conquered [Libya].									27				7				292			Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч
The Persians took [Egypt] and conquered [Libya].									349th Olympiad
(1) Elias of Nisibis (quoting James) "The year 914. This year Maurice, King of the Romans, was killed, and his wife and his sons, on the 23rd of November: and Phokas reigned after him." (2) This Paul is no doubt the translator of the hymns of Severus and others (Wright CBM. p. 336; cf. Schroder in ZDMG. 31 p. 400; Hallier Untersuchungen uber die Edess. Chronik p. 77). Theodosius is not known from any other source. (3) Michael the Syrian (fol. 237 r) places this union in AS 921 (AD 610), but, since he ascribes it to the action of Niketas, the date in our text (= AD 611) is more probable. The Liber Chalifarum however assigns it to 618. p. 326
Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч								PERSIANS				ROMANS				TOTAL YEARS
and Mohammed goes down for purposes of trade to the country of Palestine, Arabia, Phoenicia and Tyre.								Khosrau				Heraclius				TOTAL YEARS				Isaiah is sent to Edessa as bishop from the land of the Persians.
									28				8				293
									29				9				294			In Alexandria the believers ordained Andronicus bishop.
									30				10				295			In Alexandria the believers ordained Andronicus bishop.
There was an eclipse of the sun.									31				11				296			In Alexandria Benjamin was appointed bishop for the believers. Khosru gave orders, and Edessa went into captivity.
The Persians carried off captives from the whole of the land of the Romans as far as Bithynia and Asia and as far as the sea of Pontus and devastated it.									First king of the Arabs, Mohammed was appointed for 7 years
									First king of the Arabs, Mohammed was appointed for 7 years
									350th Olympiad
									350th Olympiad
The kingdom of the Arabs, whom we call Saracens (1), began when Heraclius, Emperor of the Romans, had reached (2) his 11th year, and Khosrau, King of the Persians, his 31st year.									1		32			12			297					940th year of the Greeks
									2		33			13			298								304
									3		34			14			299
									4		35			15			300			Cyrus made a persecution against the believers in Alexandria.
									351st Olympiad
The Arabs began to make incursions into the land of Palestine.									5		36			16			301			The believers in the East ordained John archbishop (3).
									6		37			17			302
									7		38			18			303
p.327)	The Persians killed Khosrau, and Shirwai became king for 9 [months].								21st Shirwai son of Khosrau for 9 months
									21st Shirwai son of Khosrau for 9 months
	And the Edessenes who survived returned from [captivity].								2nd of the Arabs Abu Bakr for 2 years and 7 months											Shahr Warz and Boran and Khosru [and] Piruz and of Azarmidukht [and] Hormizd, of all of them made around [two years].
	And the Edessenes who survived returned from [captivity].								2nd of the Arabs Abu Bakr for 2 years and 7 months
	[Heraclius] and Shahrbarz made [a treaty], and [the Persians] began to come out from [the land of the Romans] and [to go down to their own country].								1		1			19			304
									22nd of the Persians, Ardashir son of Shirwai for 1 year and 10 months

									352nd Olympiad
	The Jews Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч								2		1			20			305
	Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч Ч								3		2			21			306
(1) Literally "Tayaye". (2) Lit. "had brought"; but the construction is a strange one, and the Syriac is perhaps corrupt. (3) It is clear that the copyist has placed this notice too early, since the death of John's predecessor Athanasius is recorded by Elijah from James under AH 10 (631): see below. [The British Library manuscript breaks off at this point. The remaining material is from Michael the Syrian, who almost certainly uses James' for this period].
		23rd of the Persians, Boran daughter of Khosrau for 1 year													ARABS				ROMANS				TOTAL YEARS
		23rd of the Persians, Boran daughter of Khosrau for 1 year													`Uthman				Constantine				TOTAL YEARS
		3rd of the Arabs, `Umar son of Khattab for 12 years														3				4				321
		3rd of the Arabs, `Umar son of Khattab for 12 years														4				5				322
		1		1			22			307						5				6				323
		Other Persians for one year														6				7				324
		2		1			23			308						7				8				325
		24th of the Persians, Yezdegerd son of Khosrau for 12 years														8				9				326
		24th of the Persians, Yezdegerd son of Khosrau for 12 years														9				10				327
		3		1			24			309						10				11				328
		4		2			25			310						11				12				329
		5		3			26			311						12				13				330
		6		4			27			312						The kingdom of the Arabs is divided in two
		7		5			28			313						The kingdom of the Arabs is divided in two
		8		6			29			314						In the city of Yathrib, `Ali for 5 years, in Syria Mu`awiya
		9		7			30			315						In the city of Yathrib, `Ali for 5 years, in Syria Mu`awiya
		10		8			31			316					1		1			4				289
		11		9			32			317					2		2			15				332
		Heraclius died and left two sons in the kingdom													3		3			16				333
		Heraclius died and left two sons in the kingdom													4		4			17				334
		55th Constantine for 7 years													5		5			18				335
		12		10			1			318						5th of the Arabs, Mu`awiya alone for 20 years
		`Umar was killed and 4th reigned `Uthman for 12 years														5th of the Arabs, Mu`awiya alone for 20 years
		`Umar was killed and 4th reigned `Uthman for 12 years														1				19				336
		1		11			2			319						2				20				337
		2		12			3			320						3				21				338
																4				22				339
																5				23				340
																6				24				341
																7				25				342
																8				26				343
																9				27				344
																56th of the Romans, Constantine and his brothers for 16 years.


	ARABS				ROMANS				TOTAL YEARS						Justinian was deposed and 58th reigned Leontius for 3 years
	Mu`awiya				Constantine				TOTAL YEARS
		10				1				345
		11				2				346						11				1				371
		12				3				347						12				2				372
		13				4				348						13				3				373
		14				5				349						59th of the Romans, Tiberius, also known as Apsimarus, for 7 years
		15				6				350
		16				7				351						14				1				374
		17				8				352						15				2				375
		18				9				353						16				3				376
		19				10				354						17				4				377
		20				11				355						18				5				378
		Mu`awiya died and his son Yazid reigned as 6th king for 4 years.														19				6				379
																20				7				380
		1				12				356						`Abd al-Malik died and his son Walid reigned as 9th king.
		2				13				357						`Abd al-Malik died and his son Walid reigned as 9th king.
		3				14				358						Justianian reigned again and killed the others (1)
		4				15				359						Justianian reigned again and killed the others (1)
		Yazid died and the kingdom of the Arabs was divided, and afterwards reigned 7th Marwan for one year.														1				1				381
																2				2				382
		1				16				360						3				3				383
		The kingdom of the Arabs was divided among many, and afterwards reigned 8th `Abd al-Malik for 30 years.														4				4				384
																5				5				385
		57th of the Romans, Justinian for 10 years
		57th of the Romans, Justinian for 10 years
		1				1				361
		2				2				362
		3				3				363
		4				4				364
		5				5				365
		6				6				366
		7				7				367	(2)
		8				8				368
		9				9				369
		10				10				370

(1) Leontius and Tiberius. (2) If Elias of Nisibis is correct, this is as far as the tables given by James went. The final few rows which contain the year numbers of `Abd al-Malik and Justinian must be attributed to a continuator.

This text was transcribed by Roger Pearse, Ipswich, UK, 2009. This file and all material on this page is in the public domain - copy freely.

The Chronicle of James of Edessa