Augustus Neander: Life of Jesus Christ in Its Historical Connexion and Historical Developement. - Christian Classics Ethereal Library

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Prefatory Material

The Author’s Address.

Translator’s Preface.

Preface to the First Edition.

Preface to the Third Edition.

Preface to the Fourth Edition.

Chapters I and II.

Chapter I. The Idea of the History of Christ in General.

§ 1. The Indifference of Criticism rejected.

§ 2. The Truth, that Christ is God-MAN, presupposed.

§ 3. This presupposed Truth and the Historical Accounts mutually confirm and illustrate each other.

Chapter II. Sources for the History of Christ.

§ 4. Traditional Origin of the Synoptical Gospels.

§ 5. Genuineness of John's Gospel.

§ 6. Results of Criticism.

Book I. Birth and Childhood of Jesus.

Chapter I through III.

Chapter I. Preliminary Remarks.

§ 7. Scantiness of our Information in regard to this Period of Christ’s Life.—Nothing further really essential to the Interests of Religion.

§ 8. Fundamentally opposite Modes of apprehending the Accounts.

Chapter II. The Miraculous Conception.

§ 9. The Miraculous Conception demanded a priori, and confirmed à posteriori.

§ 10. Mythical View of the Miraculous Conception.—No trace of it in the Narrative.—No such Mythus could have originated among the Jews.

§ 11. Objections to the Narrative drawn from the subsequent Dispositions of Christ's Relatives, answered (1) from the nature of the case; (2) from the name JESUS.

§ 12. Analogical Ideas among the Heathen.

Chapter III. The Birth of Christ.

§ 13. The Birth of Christ in its Relations to the Jewish Theocracy.

§ 14. The Miraculous Events that accompanied the Birth of Christ.

§ 15. The Taxing.—Birth of Christ at Bethlehem.

§ 16. The Announcement to the Shepherds.

§ 17. The Sacrifice of Purification, and the Ransom of the First-born; their Weight as Proof against the Mythical Theory.

§ 18. Simeon’s Prophetic Discourse.

§ 19. The Longing of the Heathen for a Saviour.—The Star of the Wise Men.

§ 20. The Massacre of the Innocents and the Flight into Egypt.

§ 21. The Return to Nazareth.

§ 22. Brothers and Sisters of Jesus; the Mention of them in the Gospel Narrative, Proof of its historical Character.

§ 23. Consciousness of Messiahship in the Mind of Jesus.—Jesus among the Doctors.

Book II. The Mental Culture of Jesus. His Life to the Time of His Public Ministry.

Chapters I through II.

Chapter I. Jesus Not Educated in the Theological Schools of the Jews.

§ 24. The Pharisees.

§ 25. The Sadducees.

§ 26. The Essenes.

§ 27. Supposed Influence of the Alexandrian—Jewish Doctrines.

§ 28. Affinity of Christianity, as absolute Truth, for the various opposing Religious Systems.

§ 29. Christ's Teaching revealed from within, not received from without.

§ 30. The popular Sentiment in regard to Christ's Connexion with the Schools.

Chapter II. Course of Christ’s Life up to the Opening of His Public Ministry.

§ 31. Growing Consciousness of His Messiahship in Christ.

Book III. Preparatives to the Public Ministry of Christ.

Part I. Objective Preparation. The Ministry of John the Baptist.

Chapter I. The Calling of the Baptist, and His Relations to the Jews.

§ 32. How far the Baptist revived the Expectation of a Messiah.

§ 33. Causes of Obscurity in the Accounts left us of the Baptist.—Sources: The Evangelists. Josephus.

§ 34. The Baptist's Mode of Life and Teaching in the Desert.

§ 35. John as Baptist and Preacher of Repentance.

§ 36. Relations of the Pharisees and Sadducees to the Baptist.

§ 37. Relations of John to the People, and to the narrower circle of his own Disciples.

§ 38. John's Demands upon the People compared with those of Christ. —His humble Opinion of his own Calling.

Chapter II. Relation of the Baptist to Messiah.

§ 39. John's Explanation of his Relation to the Messiah. The Baptism by Water and by Fire.

§ 40. John's Conception of Messiah's Kingdom.

§ 41. John's Recognition of Jesus as the Messiah.

§ 42. The Phenomena at the Baptism, and their Import.

Part II. Subjective Preparation. The Temptation.

Chapter I Import of the Individual Temptations.

§ 43. The Hunger.

§ 44. The Pinnacle of the Temple.

§ 45. Dominion.

Chapter II. Import of the Temptation as a Whole.

§ 46. Fundamental Idea.

§ 47. The Temptation rot an inward one, but the Work of Satan.

Book IV. The Public Ministry of Christ in Its Real Connexion.

Part I. The Plan of Christ.

§ 48. Had Christ a conscious Plan?

§ 49. Connexion with the Old Testament Theocracy.

§ 50. Christ's Steadfast Consciousness of his Messiahship.

§ 51. No alterations of Christ's Plan.

§ 52. Two-fold bearing of the Kingdom of God—an inward, spiritual Power, and a world-renewing Power.

Chapter II. The Plan of Christ in Its Relation to the Old Testament Idea of the Kingdom of God.

§ 53. Christ's Observance of the Jewish Worship and Law.

§ 54. His Manifestation greater than the “Temple.”

§ 55. The Conversation with the Samaritan Woman.

§ 56. The 'Destroying' and 'Fulfilling' of the Law.

§ 57. The Interpolation in Luke, vi., 4. (Cod. Cant.)

Chapter III. New Form of the Idea of the Person of the Theocratic King.

§ 58. The Names SON of GOD and SON of MAN.

§ 59. Import of the Title SON of MAN, as used by Christ himself—Rejection of Alexandrian and other Analogies.

§ 60. Import of the Title SON of GOD.

Part II. The Means and Instruments of Christ.

§ 61. Christ a Spiritual Teacher.

§ 62. Different Theatres of Christ's Labours as Teacher.

§ 63. Choice and Training of the Apostles to be subordinate Teachers.

Chapter II. Christ's Mode of Teaching in Regard to Its Method and Form.

§ 64. His mode of Teaching adapted to the Stand-point of his Hearers.

§ 65. His Teaching presented Seeds and Stimulants of Thought.

§ 66. Its Results dependent upon the Spirit of the Hearers.

§ 67. His Mode of Teaching corresponds to the General Law of Developement of the Kingdom of God.

§ 68 Idea of the Parable.—Distinction between Parable, Fable, and Mythus.

§ 69. Order in which the Parables were Delivered.—Their Perfection.—Mode of Interpreting them.

§ 70. Christ's Teaching not confined to Parables, but conveyed also in longer Discourses.

§ 71. John's Gospel contains chiefly connected and profound Discourses; and Why?

§ 72. The Parable of the Shepherd, in John, compared with the Parables in the other Gospels.

§ 73. Necessity of Accommodation.

§ 74. Distinction between Positive (Material) and Negative (Formal) Accommodation; the latter necessary, the former inadmissible.

§ 75. Christ's Application of Passages from the Old Testament.

Chapter III. Christ’s Choice and Training of the Apostles.

§ 76 Christ's Relation to the Twelve.—Significance of the Number Twelve.—The Name Apostle.

§ 77. Choice of the Apostles.—Of Judas Iscariot.

§ 78. The Apostles Uneducated Men.

§ 79. Two Stages in the Dependence of the Apostles upon Christ.

§ 80. Christ's peculiar Method of training the Apostles.

Chapter IV. The Church and Baptism.

§ 81. Founding of the Church.—Its Objects.

§ 82. Name of the Church.—Its Form traced back to Christ himself.

§ 83. Later Institution of Baptism as an Initiatory Rite.

Chapter V. The Miracles of Christ.

§ 84. Connexion of Christ's Miracles with his Mode of Teaching.

§ 85. Negative Element of the Miracle.—Its Insuficiency.

§ 86. Positive Element.—Teleological Aim of Miracles.

§ 87. Relation of Miracles to the Course of Nature.

§ 88. Relation of the individual Miracles to the highest Miracle, the Manifestation of Christ.

§ 89. Relation of Miracles to History.

§ 90. Miracles deemed an essential Sign of Messiahship.

§ 91. Apparent Discrepancies, and Mode of Removing them.

§ 92. The Sign of the Prophet Jonah.

§ 93. 'Destroy this Temple,' &c.

§ 94. Christ's Distinction between the material Element of Miracles and their essential Object.—John, vi., 26.

§ 95. Christ appealed to the Miracles as Testimonies; John, xv., 24.—Three different Stages of Faith.

§ 96. The Communication of the Divine Life the highest Miracle.—John, xiv., 12.

Chapter VI. The Miracles of Christ Considered in Regard to Supernatural Agency.

§ 97. Transition from the Natural to the Supernatural in the Miracles.

§ 98. The Spiritual Agencies employed.—Faith demanded for the Cure.

§ 99. Use of Physical Agencies in the Cure of Diseases.

§ 100. The Relation between Sin and Physical Evil.—Jewish Idea of Punitive Justice.—Christ's Doctrine on the Subject.

§ 101. Two Theories of the Affliction: (a) Possession by Evil Spirits' (b) Insanity.—Analogous Phenomena in other Times.

§ 102. Connexion of the Phenomena with the State of the Times.—Conceptions of the Jews in regard to them: of the Demoniacs themselves.

§ 103. Accommodation of the two extreme Theories.

§ 104. Christ's Explanations of Demonism purely Spiritual.—His Accommodation to the Conceptions of the Demoniacs.

§ 105. Difference between Christ's Healing of the Demoniacs and the Operations of t/he Jewish Exorcists.

§ 106. Different Views on these Miracles.

§ 107. These exhibit Supernatural Power most obviously.

Book V. The Public Ministry of Christ According to Its Chronological Connexion.

On the Difference Between the Synoptical Gospels and John.

§ 108. Differences of Chronology.

§ 109. Differences as to the Theatre of Christ's Labours.

§ 110. Proof that Christ frequently exercised his Ministry in Judea and Jerusalem.

Part I. From the Commencement of Christ’s Public Ministry to the Triumphal Entry.

Chapter I. Jesus and John the Baptist.—The First Disciples.

§ 111. Message of the Sanhedrim to John at Bethabara.

§ 112. John points to Jesus as the Suffering Messiah, and testifies to his Higher Dignity.

§ 113. John and Andrew, Disciples of John, attach themselves to Jesus.—Gradual Attraction of others.

Chapter II. Commencement of Christ’s Public Teaching.

§ 114. The Miraculous Draught of Fishes.—Effect of the Miracle on Peter.

§ 115. The Calling of Nathanael.

Chapter III. Jesus at Cana.

§ 116. The Change of Water into Wine.—Character and Import of the Miracle.—Little Impression made upon the People.

Chapter IV. First Journey to Jerusalem to Attend the Feast of the Passover.

§ 117. The Purifying of the Temple.

§ 118. The Saying of Christ, 'Destroy this Temple,' &c.—Additional Exposition of it given by John.

§ 119. Interview of Christ with Nicodcmus.

Chapter V. Jesus at Ænon, near Salim.

§ 120. Jealousy of John's Disciples.—Final Testimony of the Baptist.—His Imprisonment.

Chapter Chapter VI. Jesus Returns through Samaria to Galilee.—The Samaritan Woman.

§ 121. Impressions made upon the Samaritan Woman.

§ 122. Christ's Decision between the Worship of the Jews and that of the Samaritans.

§ 123. The Worship of God in Spirit and in Truth.

§ 124. The Spiritual Worship.—Its Bearing upon Practical Life.

§ 125. Christ's Glances at the future Progress of his Kingdom, and at his own Death.

§ 126. Subsequent State of the Samaritans.

Chapter VII. Christ’s First General Ministry in Galilee.

§ 127. Christ heals the Nobleman's Son.—Chooses Capernaum for his Abode.—Healing of Peter's Wife's Mother.

§ 128. Christ appears in the Synagogue at Nazareth.—His Life is Endangered. (Luke, iv., 16-30.)

§ 129. The Parable of the Sower.—Christ's Explanation of the Parable to the smaller Circle of his Disciples.

§ 130. Parable of the various Kinds of Fish in the Net.—Of the Wheat and the Tares.

§ 131. Christ subdues a Storm on the Sea.—Character of the Act as a Miracle.—Its moral Significance.

§ 132. The Gadarene Demoniac.—Christ's Treatment of him after tne Cure.—Inferences from it.

§ 133. Christ Returns to the west side of Genesareth.—Healing of the Issue of Blood.

§ 134. Raising of Jairus's Daughter.—And of the Widow's Son at Nain.

§ 135. Doubts of John the Baptist in his Imprisonment.*—His Message to Christ, and its Result.—Christ's Testimony concerning Him. —His view of the relation between the Old and New Dispensations.

§ 136. Christ shows the Relation of his Contemporaries to the Baptist and to Himself.—The Easy Yoke and the Light Burden.—Jewish Legalism contrasted with Christian Liberty.

§ 137. Christ's Conversation with the Pharisees in regard to the Mode of Life indulged by his Disciples.—The Morality of Fasting.

§ 138. The Parable of the New Patch on the Old Garment, and of the New Wine in Old Bottles.

§ 139. Forms of Prayer.—The Lord's Prayer; its Occasion and Import.—Encouragements to Prayer; God gives no Stone for Bread.

§ 140. Christ forgives the Magdalen at the House of Simon the Pharisee.—The reciprocal action of Love and Faith in the Forgiveness of Sins.

§ 141. Matthew the Publican called from the Custom—house.—Familial Intercourse of Christ with the Publicans at the Banquet.—The Pharisees blame the Disciples, and Christ justifies them.—'The Sick need the Physician.'

§ 142. Christ's different Modes of Reply to those who questioned his Conduct in consorting with Sinners.—The Value of a Soul.—Parable of the Prodigal Son.—Of the Pharisee and the Publican.

Chapter VIII. Christ’s Second Journey to Jerusalem.

§ 143. The Miracle at the Pool of Bethesda.—The Words of Christ in the Temple to the Man that was healed. (John, v., 1-14.)

§ 144. The Pharisees accuse Christ of Sabbath-breaking and Blasphemy.—His Justification. (John, v., 10, 17-19.)

§ 145. The Discourse continued: Christ intimates his future greater Works.—His Judgment, and the Resurrection. (John, v., 20-29.)

§ 146. The Discourse continued: Christ Appeals to the Testimony of his Works. (John, v., 30-37.)

§ 147. The Discourse continued: Incapacity of the Jews to Understand the Testimony of God as given in the Scriptures. (John, v., 37-47.)

Chapter IX. Second Course of Extended Labours in Galilee.

§ 148. (1.) Place and Circumstances of the Delivery of the Sermon, (2.) Its Subject-matter, viz.: the Kingdom of God as the Aim of the Old Dispensation; (3.) The Two Editions, viz.: Matthew's and Luke's; (4.) Its Pervading Rebuke of Carnal Conceptions of the Messiahship.

§ 149. Moral Requisites for Entering the Kingdom of God: (1.) Poverty of Spirit; (2.) Meekness; (3.) Hungering and Thirsting after Righteousness.

§ 150. Moral Result of Entering the Kingdom of God, viz.: The “Pure in Heart see God.”

§ 151. Moral Relations of the Members of the Kingdom to their Fellow men: viz., They are 'Peace-makers,' and 'Persecuted.'

§ 152. The Disciples of Christ the 'Light' and 'Salt' of the Earth.

§ 153. Fulfilling of the Law and the Prophets: (1.) General View; (2.) Particular Exposition; (3.) Demand for a Higher Obedience than that of the Pharisees. (Matt., v., 17-20.)

§ 154. 'Fufilling of the Law' in the Higher Sense.—General Contrast between the Juridical and Moral stand-points.

§ 155. Fulfilling of the Law in the Higher Sense.—Particular Examples, viz., (1.) Murder; (2.) Adultery; (3.) Divorce; (4.) Perjury; (5.) Revenge; (6.) National Exclusiveness.

§ 156. (1.) Alms, Prayer, Fasting; (2.) Rigid Judgment of Self, Mild Judgment of others; (3.) Test of Sincerity in Seeking after Righteousness. (Matt., vi., 1-18; vii., 1-5.)

§ 157. Exhortation to Self-denial.—Caution against Seducers.

§ 158. Test of Discipleship.

§ 159. Healing of the Leper on the Road to Capernaum.

§ 160. Healing of the Heathen Centurion's Slave at Capernaum.—The Deputation of Elders.—Faith of the Centurion.

§ 161. Healing of the Deaf and Dumb Demoniac.—The Charge of a League wzith Beelzebub: a Visible Sign demanded.—The Charge refuted.

§ 162. The Conjurations of the Jewish Exorcists.

§ 163. Blasphemy against the Holy Ghost and against the Son of Man.

§ 164. Purpose of Christ's Relatives to confine him as a Lunatic.—He declares who are his Relatives in the Spiritual Sense.

§ 165. The Demand of a Sign from Heaven answered only by the Sign of the Prophet Jonah.

§ 166. Discourse pronounced at a Feast against the Hypocrisy of the Pharisees and the Lawyers.

§ 167. Christ Warns his Disciples against the Pharisees.—The Power of Divine Truth.

§ 168. Christ Heals a Paralytic at Capernaum, and the Pharisees accuse hiim of Blasphemy.—The Accusation Repelled.

§ 169. The Withered Hand healed on the Sabbath.—The Objections of the Pharisees anticipated and refuted.

§ 170. Cure of the Infirm Woman on the Sabbath; the Pharisees disconcerted.—Of the Dropsical Man.

§ 171. The Strife for Precedence at Feasts.—The Poor, not the Rich, to be invited.—Parable of the Great Supper.

§ 172. The Pharisees attack the Disciples for plucking Corn on the Sabbath.—Christ defends them.

§ 173. Christ's Discourse against the merely outward Cleanliness of the Pharisees.—He explains the Discourse to his Disciples.

§ 174. Trial Mission of the Apostles in Galilee. (Luke, ix.; Matt. x.)

§ 175. Various Opinions entertained of Jesus. Luke ix. 7-9.

§ 176. Return of the Apostles.–Miraculous Feeding of the Five Thousand.–Object and Significance of the Miracle.–Its Effect upon the Multitude.

§ 177. Christ Walks upon the Waters.

§ 178. Christ in the Synagogue at Capernaum. (John, vi.)

Chapter X. Jesus in North Galilee, and on the Way to Cesarea Philippi.

§ 179. Reasons for the Journey.

§ 180. Cure of the Blind Man at Bethsaida.—Peter's Second Confession.—The Power of the Keys. (Mark, viii.; Matt., xvi.)

§ 181. The Disciples prohibited to reveal Christ's Messianic Dignity.—The Weakness of Peter rebuked. (Matt., xvi., 20—28; Mark, viii., 30.)

§ 182. Monitions of Christ to the Apostles in regard to Prudence in their Ministry.—(1.) The Wisdom of Serpents and Harmlessness of Doves. (Matt., x., 16.)—(2.) The Parable of the Unjust Steward (Luke, xvi., 1-13.)—(3.) 'Make to yourselves friends of the Mammon of Unrighteousness,' &c.

§ 183. Caution against imprudent Zeal in Preaching the Gospel.

§ 184. The Syro-Phoenician Woman. (Matt., xv., 21; Mark, vii., 24.)—(1.) Her Prayer.—(2.) Her Repulse.—(3.) Her Faith.—(4.) The Result.

§ 185. The Transfiguration of Christ. (Luke, ix., 29-36.)

§ 186. Elias a Forerunner of Messiah. (Matt., xvii., 10-13.)

§ 187. Christ Cures a Demoniacal Youth after the Disciples had attempted it in vain. (Mark, ix., 14; Matt., xvii., 14; Luke, ix., 37.)—He Reproves the unbelieving Multitude.

§ 188. Christ tells the Disciples the Cause of their Failure.—The Power of Faith.—Prayer and Fasting. (Matt., xvii., 20, 21.)

§ 189. Return to Capernaum.—Dispute among the Disciples for Precedence.—The Child a Pattern.—Acting in the Name of Christ. (Luke, ix., 46; Mark, ix., 33; Matt., xviii.)

§ 190. Christ's two Sayings: 'He that is not against you is for you,' and, 'He that is not for me is against me.' (Mark, ix., 40.)

§ 191. The Stater in the Fish. (Matt., xvii., 27.)

Chapter XI. Christ's Journey to Jerusalem to Attend the Feast of Tabernacles.

§ 192. His Precautions against the Persecutions of the Sanhedrim. (John, vii.)

§ 193. He explains the Nature of his Doctrine as Divine Revelation (John, vii., 16-19.)

§ 194. The Pharisees attempt to arrest Christ.—He warns them that they should seek Him, but should not find Him. (John, vii., 30, seq.)

§ 195. Christ a Spring of Living Water, and the Light of the World. (John, vii., 38, seq.)—The Validity of His Testimony of Himself. (John, viii., 13, seq.)—He foretels the subsequent Relations of the Jews to Him. (John, viii., 21.)

§ 196. The Connexion between Steadfastness, Truth, and Freedom. (John, viii., 30-32.) Freedom and Servitude; their typical Meaning (33-38).

§ 197. Vain Attempts of the Sanhedrim against Christ. (John, vii., 40-53.)—Dispute in the Sanhedrim.—First Decision against Christ.

§ 198. A Man, born Blind, healed on the Sabbath.—Christ's Conversation at the Time.—Individual Sufferings not to be judged as Punishment for Sins.—Christ the Light of the World. (John, ix.)

§ 199. Attempts of the Sanhedrim to corrupt and alarm the restored Blind Man.—Christ's Conversation with him.—The Sight of the Blind, and the Blindness of the Seeing.

§ 200. Parable of the Good Shepherd.— The Parable extended. —Christ the Door.—Intimation of Mercy to the Heathen. (John, x.)

§ 201. Divisions among the People.—Christ's return into Galilee.

Chapter XII. Christ's Return from Capernaum to Jerusalem through Samaria.

§ 202. Reasons for the Journey through Samaria. (Luke, ix., 51, seq.)

§ 203. Choice of the Seventy. (Luke, x.)—Import of the Number 'Seventy.'

§ 204. Instructions to the Seventy on their Mission. (Luke, x.) The Wo to the Unbelieving Cities.

§ 205. Exultation of the Disciples on their Return.—The Overthrow of Satan's Kingdom.—Christ warns the Disciples against Vanity. (Luke, x., 17-20.)

§ 206. The Kingdom of God revealed to Babes. —The Blessedness of the Disciples in beholding it. (Luke, x., 21, 24.)

§ 207. The Signs of Discipleship. (Matt., vii., 22.)—Requisites, viz. Self-Denial and Resignation (Luke, ix., 56, 62): Taking up the Cross. (Luke, xiv., 25-35; Matt., x., 38; xvi., 24.)

§ 208. Self-Denial and Self-Sacrifice further illustrated.—Parable of the building of the Tower.—Of the Warring King. (Luke, xiv., 28-33.)—The Sacrificial Salt. (Mark, ix., 49, 50.)—The Treasure hid in the Field.—The Pearl of Great Price. (Matt., xiii., 44-46.)

§ 209. Christ refuses to interfere in Civil Disputes. (Luke, xii., 13-15.)—His Decision in the Case of the Adulteress.

§ 210. Christ's Intimations of the Future.

§ 211. Parables of the Mustard Seed and of the Leaven. (Luke, xiii. 18-21.)—Points of Agreement and Difference.—Compared with the Parable of the Ripening Grain. (Mark, iv., 26.)

§ 212. The Fire to be Kindled.—The Baptism of Sufferings.—Christianity not Peace, but a Sword. (Luke, xii., 49-53.)

§ 213. The Kingdom of God comet/h not with Observation. (Luke, xvii., 20.)

§ 214. The personal Return of Christ to the Earth, and the Day of Judgment. (Luke, xvii., 22-37.)

§ 215. Exhortation to Watch for Christ's Coming (Luke, xii., 36-48): to Confidence in the Divine Justice.—The importunate Widow. (Luke, xviii., 1.)

§ 216. Call to entire Devotion.—The Strait Gate and the Narrow Way.—Heathen admitted to the Kingdom of Heaven. (Luke, xiii., 24-28.)

§ 217. The Signs of the Times. (Luke, xii., 54.)

§ 218. The contracted Jewish Theodicy Rejected. (Luke, xiii., 1-5.)

§ 219. The Parable of Dives and Lazarus. (Luke, xvi., 19-31.)

§ 220. Persecutions of Herod Antipas. (Luke, xiii., 31.)

§ 221. Christ's Words of his Death.

§ 222. Journey continued through Samaria. (Luke, xvii., 11, seq.)Inhospitality of certain Samaritans.—Displeasure of the Disciples. (Luke, ix., 54.)—Ingratitude of Nine Jewish Lepers that were Healed.—Gratitude of the Samaritan Leper. (Luke, xvii., 15, 16.)

Chapter XIII. Christ's Stay at Jerusalem During the Feast of the Dedication.

§ 223. His Statement of the Proof of his Messiahship.—His Oneness with the Father.—He defends his Words from the Old Testament. (John, x., 22-39.)

Chapter XIV. Jesus in Peraea (Bethabara).

§ 224. His Decision on the Question of Divorce.—Celibacy. (Matt., xix, 2-12; Mark, x., 3-12.)

§ 225. The Blessing of Little Children. (Luke, xviii. 15-17; Matt., xix., 13-15; Mark, x., 13-16.)

§ 226. Christ's Conversation with the rich Ruler of the Synagogue (young man?). (Matt., xix., 16-24; Mark, x., 17, seq.; Luke, xviii., 18, seq.)

§ 227. The Danger of Wealth. (Matt., xix., 22, seq.; Mark, x., 22, seq.; Luke, xviii., 23, seq.)

§ 228. Believers are to Reign with Christ.

Chapter XV. Jesus in Bethany.

§ 229. The Family of Lazarus.—Martha and Mary; their different Tendencies. (Luke, x., 38, seq.)

§ 230. The Sickness of Lazarus; Christ's Reply to the Messengers who informed him of it. (John, xi., 1-4.)

§ 231. The Death of Lazarus; Christ's Conversation with the Disciples in regard to it. (John, xi., 11, seq.)

§ 232. The Death of Lazarus.—Christ's Conversation with Martha (John, xi., 21-28) and with Mary (v. 33, 34).—Jesus Weeps (v. 35).

§ 233. The Resurrection of Lazarus.—The Prayer of Christ. (John, xi., 38-44.)

§ 234. Measures taken against Christ by the Sanhedrim. (John, xi., 47, seq.)

Chapter XVI. Jesus in Ephraim.

§ 235. The Necessity for Christ's Death.

Chapter XVII. Christ's Last Passover Journey to Jerusalem.

§ 236. Journey to Jericho.—The Healing of Blind Bartimeus. (Matt., xx., 30, seq.; Luke, xviii., 35, seq.; Mark, x., 46, seq.)

§ 237. Christ Ledges with Zaccheus. (Luke, xix., 2, seq.)

§ 238. The Request of Salome.—The Ambition of the Disciples rebuked. (Matt., xx., 20-28; Mark, x., 35-45.)

§ 239. Parable of the Pounds. (Luke, xix., 11, seq.)

§ 240. Parable of the Labourers in the Vineyard. (Matt., xx., 1-16.)

§ 241. The Passion for Rewards rebuked. (Luke, xvii., 7.)

§ 242. Christ Anointed by Mary in Bethany. (John, xii., 1, seq.)

Part II. From the Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem to the Ascension.

Chapter I. From the Triumphas Entry to the Last Supper.

§ 243. The Entry into Jerusalem.

§ 244. Sadness of Christ at Sight of Jerusalem. (Luke, xix., 41-44.)

§ 245. The Fig-tree Cursed. (Matt., xxi., 18; Mark, xi., 12.)—Parable of the Fig-tree. (Luke, xiii., 6-9.)

§ 246. Machinations of the Pharisees.

§ 247. Combination of the Pharisees and Herodians.—Christ's Decision on paying Tribute to Caesar.

§ 248. Christ's Reply to the Sadducees about the Resurrection. (Matt., xxii., 23, seq.; Mark, xii., 18; Luke, xx., 27.)

§ 249. Christ's Exposition of the First and Great Commandment. (Mark, xii., 28—34.)

§ 250. The Parable of the Good Samaritan. (Luke, x., 25, seq.)

§ 251. Christ’s Interpretation of Psalm cx., 1. (Mark, xii., 35-37.)

§ 252. The Widow’s Mite. (Luke, xxi., 1-4; Mark, xii., 41-44.)

§ 253. Christ predicts the Divine Judgments upon Jerusalem. (Matt., xxiii.)

§ 254. Christ’s Prediction of the Coming of the Kingdom of God, and of his Second Advent. (Mark, xiii.; Matt., xxiv.)

§ 255. Parable of the Marriage Feast of the King’s Son. (Matt., xxii., 1-14.)

§ 256. Parable of the Wicked Husbandman. (Matt., xxi., 33-44; Mark, xii., 1-12; Luke, xx., 9-18.)

§ 257. Parable of the Talents (Matt., xxv., 14—30) compared with that of the Pounds (Luke, xix., 12).

§ 258. Parable of the Wise and Foolish Virgins. (Matt., xxv., 1-13.)

§ 259. Christ teaches that Faith must prove itself by Works. (Matt. xxv., 31-46.)

§ 260. The Heathens with Christ. (John, xii., 20, seq.)

§ 261. Christ’s Struggles of Soul, and Submission to the Divine Will.—The Voice from Heaven. (John, xii., 27-29.)

§ 262. Christ closes his Public Ministry.—Final Words of warning to the Multitude.

§ 263. Machinations of Christ’s Enemies.

§ 264. The Motives of Judas in betraying Jesus.

Chapter II. The Last Supper of Jesus with the Disciples.

§ 265. Object of Christ in the Last Supper.

§ 266. Christ washes the Disciples' Feet. Conversation with Peter in regard to it. (John, xiii., 2-16.)

§ 267. The Words of Christ with and concerning his Betrayer. (John, xiii., 11, 21, seq.)

§ 268. The Institution of the Eucharist. (Luke, xxii., 17-20.)

Chapter III. Christ’s Last Discourses with His Disciples.

§ 269. The New Commandment. (John, xiii., 33-35.)

§ 270. The Request of Peter.—Christ predicts Peter’s Denial of Him. (John, xiii., 36-38.)

§ 271. Christ predicts the Danger of the Disciples in their new Relations to the People. (Luke, xxii., 35-38.)

§ 272. Christ consoles the Disciples with the Promise of his Return. (John, xiv.)

§ 273. Conversation with Philip and Thomas.—Christ the Way. (John, xiv.)

§ 274. Of Prayer in the Name of Christ. He promises the Spirit of Truth, the Comforter; and His own Return. (John, xiv., 13-26.)

§ 275. Christ’s Salutation of Peace; its Import. (John, xiv., 27, seq.)

Chapter IV. Discourses of Christ After Rising from Table at the Last Supper.

§ 276. Similitude of the Vine and Branches.—The Law of Love. (John, xv.)

§ 277. Promise of the Holy Ghost.—Concluding Words of Comfort to the Disciples. (John, xvi., 7-33.)

§ 278. Christ’s Prayer as High-priest. (John, xvii.)

Chapter V. Gethsemane.

§ 279. Comparison of John’s Gospel with the Synoptical Gospels in regard to Jesus’ Conflict of Soul.—Historical Credibility of the Synoptical Account.

§ 280. The Agony in the Garden. (Matt., xxvi.; Mark, xiv.; Luke, xxii.)

§ 281. The Arrest of Christ.—Peter’s Haste, and its Reproof.—The Power of Darkness.

Chapter VI. The Trial and Condemnation.

§ 282. Night-Examination before Annas.

§ 283. Morning.—Examination before Caiaphas.

§ 284. Double Dealing of the Sanhedrim.

§ 285. Jesus before Pilate.—Christ’s Kingdom not “of this World.”

§ 286. Jesus sent to Herod.

§ 287. Pilate’s fruitless Efforts to save Jesus.—The Dream of Pilate’s Wife.

§ 288. Last Conversation of Jesus with Pilate.—The Sentence.

§ 289. Jesus led to Calvary.—Simon of Cyrene.—The Words of Christ to the Weeping Women.

Chapter VII. The Crucifixion.

§ 290. Details of the Crucifixion.

§ 291. Christ Prays for his Enemies.— The Two Thieves.

§ 292. Christ’s Exclamation: Psalm xxii.—His Last Words.

§ 293. Phenomena accompanying the Death of Christ: the Earthquake the Darkness; the Rending of the Temple-veil.

Chapter VIII. The Resurrection.

§ 294. Did Christ predict his Resurrection?

§ 295. Dejection of the Apostles immediately after Christ’s Death.—Their Joy and Activity at a later Period.—The Reappearance of Christ necessary to explain the Change.

§ 296. Was the Reappearance of Christ a Vision?

§ 297. Was Christ’s a real Death?

§ 298. The Resurrection intended only for Believers.

§ 299. The Women, Peter, and John at the Grave.

§ 300. Christ appears to the Women at the Tomb; to Mary; to the two Disciples on the Way to Emmaus.

§ 301. Christ appears to Peter; and to the rest of the Apostles, except Thomas.—The “Breathing” upon the Apostles.

§ 302. Christ appears to five hundred Believers; to his Brother James to the Apostles, Thomas included.—His Conversation with Thomas.

§ 303. Christ’s Appearances in Galilee; to the Seven on the Sea of Genesareth.—The Draught of Fishes.—The Conversation with Peter.

§ 304. Christ appears in Galilee for the last Time.—The Commission of the Apostles.

§ 305. Christ appears for the last Time near Jerusalem, on the Mount of Olives.

Chapter IX. The Ascension.

§ 306. Connexion of the Ascension with the Resurrection.

§ 307. The Ascension necessary for the Conviction of the Apostles.

§ 308. Connexion of all the Supernatural Facts in Christ’s Manifestation.

Passages from Ancient Writers Quoted or Alluded to.

Index of Scripture References

Greek Words and Phrases

Hebrew Words and Phrases

Latin Words and Phrases

German Words and Phrases

Index of Pages of the Print Edition