Contents
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CONTENTS OF THE SECOND VOLUME.
| PART II. | ||
|---|---|---|
| ANTHROPOLOGY. | ||
| CHAPTER I. | ||
| ORIGIN OF MAN. | ||
| page | ||
| § 1. | Scriptural Doctrine | 3 |
| § 2. | Anti-Scriptural Theories | 4 |
| Heathen Doctrine of Spontaneous Generation. — Modern Doctrine of Spontaneous Generation | 5 | |
| Theories of Development. — Lamarck. — Vestiges of Creation. — Darwin. — Remarks on the Darwinian Theory. — Atheistic. — Mere Hypothesis | 19 | |
| Theories of the Universe. — Darwin. — J. J. Murphy. — Owen. — Common Doctrine. — Admitted Difficulties in the way of the Darwinian Theory. — Sterility of Hybrids. — Geographical Distribution | 29 | |
| Pangenesis | 32 | |
| § 3. | Antiquity of Man | 33 |
| Lake Dwellings. — Fossil Human Remains.— Human Bones found with those of Extinct Animals. — Flint Instruments. — Races of Men. — Ancient Monuments | 39 | |
| CHAPTER II. | ||
| NATURE OF MAN. | ||
| § 1. | Scriptural Doctrine | 42 |
| Truths assumed in Scriptures. — Relation of the Soul and Body. — Realistic Dualism | 46 | |
| § 2. | Trichotomy | 47 |
| Anti-Scriptural. — Doubtful Passages | 48 | |
| § 3. | Realism | 51 |
| Its General Character.—Generic Humanity.— Objections to Realism. — From Consciousness. — Contrary to Scriptures. — Inconsistent with Doctrine of the Trinity, and of the Person of Christ | 60 | |
| § 4. | Another Form of the Realistic Theory | 61 |
| ivCHAPTER III. | ||
| ORIGIN OF THE SOUL. | ||
| § 1. | Theory of Preëxistence | 65 |
| § 2. | Traducianism | 68 |
| § 3. | Creationism | 70 |
| Arguments from the Nature of the Soul | 71 | |
| § 4. | Concluding Remarks | 72 |
| CHAPTER IV. | ||
| UNITY OF THE HUMAN RACE. | ||
| § 1. | Idea of Species | 78 |
| General Characteristics. — Definitions | 79 | |
| § 2. | Evidences of the Identity of Species | 82 |
| Organic Structure. — Physiology. —Psychology | 85 | |
| § 3. | Application of these Criteria to Man | 86 |
| The Evidence Cumulative | 88 | |
| § 4. | Philological and Moral Argument | 88 |
| Brotherhood of Man | 90 | |
| CHAPTER V. | ||
| ORIGINAL STATE OF MAN. | ||
| § 1. | Scriptural Doctrine | 92 |
| § 2. | Man created in the Image of God | 96 |
| § 3. | Original Righteousness | 99 |
| § 4. | Dominion over the Creatures | 102 |
| § 5. | Doctrine of Romanists | 103 |
| § 6. | Pelagian and Rationalistic Doctrine | 106 |
| Immanent Dispositions may have Moral Character. — General Judgment of Men on this Point.— Argument from Scripture, and from the Faith of the Church. — The Character of Dispositions depends on their Nature.— Objections considered. — Pelagians teach that Man was created Mortal | 115 | |
| CHAPTER VI. | ||
| COVENANT OF WORKS. | ||
| § 1. | God made a Covenant with Adam | 117 |
| § 2. | The Promise | 118 |
| § 3. | The Condition | 119 |
| § 4. | The Penalty | 120 |
| § 5. | The Parties | 121 |
| § 6. | The Perpetuity of the Covenant | 122 |
| CHAPTER VII. | ||
| THE FALL. | ||
| § 1. | Scriptural Account. — The Tree of Life. — The Tree of Knowledge — The Serpent.—The Temptation.— Effects of the First Sin | 123 |
| vCHAPTER VIII. | ||
| SIN. | ||
| § 1. | Nature of the Question | 130 |
| § 2. | Philosophical Theories | 132 |
| Limitation of Being. — Leibnitz’s Theory. — Antagonism. — Schleiermacher’s Theory. — The Sensuous Theory. — Selfishness | 144 | |
| Theological Theories. | ||
| § 3. | Doctrine of the Early Church | 150 |
| § 4. | Pelagian Theory | 152 |
| Arguments against it | 155 | |
| § 5. | Augustine’s Doctrine | 157 |
| Philosophical Element of his Doctrine. — Why he made Sin a Negation. — The Moral Element of his Doctrine | 159 | |
| § 6. | Doctrine of the Church of Rome | 164 |
| Diversity of Doctrine in the Latin Church. — Semi-Pelagian. — Anselm. — Abelard. — Thomas Aquinas. — The Scotists | 173 | |
| Tridentine Doctrine on Original Sin | 174 | |
| The true Doctrine of the Church of Rome | 177 | |
| § 7. | Protestant Doctrine of Sin | 180 |
| Sin a specific Evil. — Has relation to Law. — That Law the Law of God. — Extent of the Law’s Demands. — Sin not confined to Acts of the Will. — Consists in want of Conformity to the Law of God. — Includes Guilt and Pollution | 188 | |
| § 8. | Effects of Adam’s Sin on his Posterity | 192 |
| § 9. | Immediate Imputation | 192 |
| Statement of the Doctrine. — Ground of the Imputation of Adam’s Sin. — Adam the Federal Head of his Race. — The Representative Principle in the Scriptures. — This Principle involved in other Doctrines. — Argument from Romans v. 12-21. — From General Consent. — Objections | 204 | |
| § 10. | Mediate Imputation | 205 |
| Origin of the Doctrine in the French Church . — Held by Theologians in other Churches. — Objections. — Theory of Propagation | 214 | |
| § 11. | Preëxistence | 214 |
| § 12 | Realistic Theory | 216 |
| President Edwards’ Theory. — Proper Realistic Theory. — Objections | 219 | |
| § 13. | Original Sin | 227 |
| Its Nature. — Proof of the Doctrine. — From the Universality of Sin. — From the entire Sinfulness of Man. — From the incorrigible Nature of Sin. — From its early Manifestations. — Evasions of the foregoing Arguments. — Declarations of Scripture. — Argument from the necessity of Redemption. — From the necessity of Regeneration. — From Infant Baptism.— From the Universality of Death. —From the common Consent of Christians | 241 | |
| Objections. —Men responsible only for Voluntary Acts. — Inconsistent viwith the justice of God. — Makes God the Author of Sin. — Inconsistent with Free Agency | 254 | |
| § 14. | Seat of Original Sin | 254 |
| The whole Soul its Seat | 255 | |
| § 15. | Inability | 257 |
| Doctrine as stated in the Protestant Symbols. — The Nature of the Sinner’s Inability | 260 | |
| Inability not mere Disinclination.— Arises from the want of Spiritual Discernment. — Asserted only in reference to “Things of the Spirit.” — In what sense Natural. — In what sense Moral. — Objections to the popular Distinction between Natural and Moral Ability | 265 | |
| Proof of the Doctrine | 267 | |
| The Negative Argument. — Involved in the Doctrine of Original Sin. — Argument from the Necessity of the Spirit’s Influence.—From Experience. — Objections. —Inconsistent with Moral Obligation. — Destroys the Motives to Exertion. — Encourages Delay | 276 | |
| CHAPTER IX. | ||
| FREE AGENCY. | ||
| § 1. | Different Theories of the Will | 280 |
| Necessity. — Contingency. — Certainty | 284 | |
| § 2. | Definition of Terms | 288 |
| Will. — Motive. — Cause. — Liberty. — Liberty and Ability.— Se1fdetermination and Self-determination of the Will | 294 | |
| § 3. | Certainty consistent with Liberty | 295 |
| Points of Agreement. — Arguments for the Doctrine of Certainty. — From the Foreknowledge of God. — From Foreordination. — From Providence. — From the Doctrines of Grace. — From Consciousness. — From the Moral Character of Volitions. — From the Rational Nature of Man. — From the Doctrine of Sufficient Cause | 306 | |
| PART III. | ||
| SOTERIOLOGY. | ||
| CHAPTER I. | ||
| PLAN OF SALVATION. | ||
| § 1. | God has such a Plan | 313 |
| Importance of knowing it. — Means of knowing it | 315 | |
| § 2. | Supralapsarianism | 316 |
| § 3. | Infralapsarianism | 319 |
| § 4. | Hypothetical Redemption | 321 |
| Objections to that Scheme | 323 | |
| § 5. | The Lutheran Doctrine as to the Plan of Salvation | 324 |
| § 6. | The Remonstrant Doctrine | 327 |
| vii§ 7. | The Wesleyan Doctrine | 329 |
| § 8. | The Augustinian Doctrine | 331 |
| Preliminary Remarks. — Statement of the Doctrine. — Proof of the Doctrine | 334 | |
| Argument from the Facts of Providence. — From the Facts of Scripture | 339 | |
| The Relation of God to his Rational Creatures. — Man a Fallen Race. — Work of the Spirit. — Election is to Holiness. — Gratuitous Nature of Salvation. — Paul’s Argument in the Ninth Chapter of Romans. — Argument from Experience | 344 | |
| Express Declarations of Scripture. — The Words of Jesus | 346 | |
| § 9. | Objections to the Augustinian Doctrine | 349 |
| The Objections shown to bear against the Providence of God. — Founded on our Ignorance. — Same Objections urged against the Teachings of the Apostles | 352 | |
| CHAPTER II. | ||
| COVENANT OF GRACE. | ||
| § 1. | The Plan of Salvation is a Covenant | 354 |
| § 2. | Different Views of the Nature of that Covenant | 355 |
| Pelagian View. — Remonstrant View. — Wesleyan Arminian View. — Lutheran View. — Augustinian Doctrine | 356 | |
| § 3. | Parties to the Covenant | 357 |
| Distinction between the Covenant of Redemption and the Covenant of Grace | 358 | |
| § 4. | Covenant of Redemption | 359 |
| § 5. | Covenant of Grace | 362 |
| § 6. | Identity of the Covenant under all Dispensations | 366 |
| Promise of Eternal Life made before the Advent of Christ. — Christ the Redeemer under all Dispensations. — Faith the Condition of Salvation from the Beginning | 371 | |
| § 7. | Different Dispensations | 373 |
| From Adam to Abraham. — Abraham to Moses.—Moses to Christ. — The Gospel Dispensation | 378 | |
| CHAPTER III. | ||
| THE PERSON OF CHRIST. | ||
| § 1. | Preliminary Remarks | 378 |
| § 2. | Scriptural Facts concerning the Person of Christ | 380 |
| He is truly Man. — He is truly God. — He is one Person Proof of the Doctrine. — Proof’ of the several Points separately. — From the current Representations of Scripture. — From particular Passages of Scripture. — St. John’s Gospel i. 1-14 — 1 John i. 1-3. — Romans i. 2-5. — 1 Timothy iii. 16. — Philippians ii. 6-11. — Hebrews ii. 14 | 384 | |
| § 3. | The Hypostatical Union | 387 |
| Two Natures in Christ. — Meaning of the Word Nature. — Two Natures united but not confounded. — The Attributes of one viiiNature not transferred to the other. — The Union is a Personal Union | 390 | |
| § 4. | Consequences of the Hypostatical Union | 392 |
| Communion of Attributes. — The Acts of Christ. — The Man Christ Jesus the Object of Worship. — Christ can sympathize with his People. — The Incarnate Logos the Source of Life. — The Exaltation of the Human Nature of Christ | 397 | |
| § 5. | Erroneous Doctrines on the Person of Christ. — Ebionites. — Gnostics. — Apollinarian Doctrine. — Nestcrianism. — Eutychianism. — Monothelite Controversy | 404 |
| § 6. | Doctrine of the Reformed Churches | 405 |
| § 7. | Lutheran Doctrine | 407 |
| Different Views among the Lutherans. — Remarks on the Lutheran Doctrine | 418 | |
| § 8. | Later Forms of the Doctrine | 418 |
| Socinianism. — Swedenborg. — Dr. Isaac Watts. — Objections to Dr. Watts’ Theory | 427 | |
| § 9. | Modern Forms of the Doctrine | 428 |
| Pantheistical Christology. — Theistical Christology. — The Doctrine of Kenosis. — Ebrard | 434 | |
| Gess | 435 | |
| Remarks on the Doctrine of Kenosis | 437 | |
| Schleiermacher’s Christology | 441 | |
| Objections to Schleiermacher’s Theory. — Founded on Pantheistical Principles. — Involves Rejection of the Doctrine of the Trinity. — False Anthropology. — Perverts the Plan of Salvation | 450 | |
| CHAPTER IV. | ||
| THE MEDIATORIAL WORK OF CHRIST. | ||
| § 1. | Christ the only Mediator | 455 |
| § 2. | Qualifications for the Work | 456 |
| § 3. | Threefold Office of Christ | 459 |
| CHAPTER V. | ||
| PROPHETIC OFFICE. | ||
| § 1. | Its Nature | 462 |
| § 2. | How Christ executes the Office of a Prophet | 463 |
| CHAPTER VI. | ||
| PRIESTLY OFFICE. | ||
| § 1. | Christ is truly a Priest | 464 |
| § 2„ | Christ is our only Priest | 466 |
| § 3. | Definition of Terms | 468 |
| Atonement. — Satisfaction. — Penalty. — Vicarious. — Guilt. — Redemption. — Expiation. — Propitiation | 478 | |
| ixCHAPTER VII. | ||
| SATISFACTION OF CHRIST. | ||
| § 1. | Statement of the Doctrine | 480 |
| § 2. | The Sense in which the Work of Christ was a Satisfaction | 482 |
| § 3. | The Doctrine of the Scotists and Remonstrants | 485 |
| § 4. | Christ’s Satisfaction rendered to Justice | 489 |
| § 5. | Christ’s Work a Satisfaction to Law | 493 |
| § 6. | Proof of the Doctrine as above stated | 495 |
| Argument from Christ’s Priestly Office. — From the Sacrificial Character of His Death. — Proof of the Expiatory Character of the Sacrifices for Sin. — Argument from the Fifty-third Chapter of Isaiah. — Passages in the New Testament in which Christ’s Work is set forth as a Sacrifice, Romans iii. 25; Hebrews x. 10; 1 John ii. 2; 1 Peter ii. 24 | 512 | |
| Argument from the Nature of Redemption | 516 | |
| Redemption from the Penalty of the Law. — From the Law itself. — From the Power of Sin. — From the Power of Satan. — Final Redemption from all Evil. — Argument from Related Doctrines | 520 | |
| Argument from Religious Experience of Believers | 523 | |
| § 7. | Objections | 527 |
| Philosophical Objections. — Objections drawn from the Feelings. — Moral Objections. — Objections urged by the Modern German Theologians | 532 | |
| Answer to the Theory of these Writers | 535 | |
| Popular Objections | 539 | |
| CHAPTER VIII. | ||
| FOR WHOM DID CHRIST DIE? | ||
| § 1. | State of the Question | 544 |
| § 2. | Proof of the Augustinian Doctrine | 546 |
| 1. From the Nature of the Covenant of Redemption. — 2. Election. — 3. Express Declaration of the Scriptures. — 4. From the Special Love of God. — 5. From the Believer’s Union with Christ. — 6. From the Intercession of Christ. — 7. Church Doctrine embraces all the Facts of the Case | 553 | |
| Objections. — From the Universal Offer of the Gospel. — From certain Passages of Scripture | 558 | |
| CHAPTER IX. | ||
| THEORIES OF THE ATONEMENT. | ||
| § 1. | The Orthodox View | 563 |
| § 2. | Doctrine of some of the Early Fathers | 564 |
| § 3. | Moral Theory | 566 |
| Objections to that Theory | 571 | |
| § 4. | Governmental Theory | 573 |
| Remonstrant Doctrine | 575 | |
| x Supernaturalists | 576 | |
| Objections to Governmental Theory | 578 | |
| § 5. | Mystical Theory | 581 |
| Early Mystics. — Mystics of the Time of the Reformation. — Osiander. — Schwenkfeld. — Oetinger. — The Modern Views | 58S | |
| § 6. | Concluding Remarks | 589 |
| CHAPTER X. | ||
| INTERCESSION OF CHRIST. | ||
| § 1. | Christ our Intercessor | 592 |
| § 2. | Nature of his Intercession | 593 |
| § 3. | Its Objects | 594 |
| § 4. | The Intercession of Saints | 594 |
| CHAPTER XI. | ||
| KINGLY OFFICE OF CHRIST. | ||
| § 1. | The Church the Kingdom of God | 596 |
| § 2. | Christ truly a King | 597 |
| § 3. | Nature of the Kingdom of Christ | 599 |
| His Dominion over the Universe. — His Spiritual Kingdom. — His Visible Kingdom. — Nature of that Kingdom | 604 | |
| § 4. | The Kingdom of Glory | 608 |
| CHAPTER XII. | ||
| THE HUMILIATION OF CHRIST. | ||
| § 1. | Includes his Incarnation | 610 |
| § 2. | His Being made under the Law | 612 |
| § 3. | His Sufferings and Death | 614 |
| § 4. | His Enduring the Wrath of God | 614 |
| § 5. | His Death and Burial | 615 |
| The “Descensus ad Inferos.” — The Lutheran and Modern Doctrines of the Humiliation of Christ | 621 | |
| CHAPTER XIII. | ||
| THE EXALTATION OF CHRIST. | ||
| § 1. | His Resurrection | 626 |
| § 2. | His Ascension | 630 |
| § 3. | His Session at the Right Hand of God | 635 |
| CHAPTER XIV. | ||
| VOCATION. | ||
| § 1. | Scriptural Usage of the Word | 639 |
| § 2. | External Call | 641 |
| § 3. | Common Grace | 654 |
| Lutheran Doctrine. — Rationalistic Doctrine | 657 | |
| Proof of the Inward Call of the Spirit as distinct from the Truth | 660 | |
| xiThis Influence may be without the Word. — The Work of the Spirit distinct from Providential Efficiency | 665 | |
| An Influence of the Spirit Common to all Men. — Effects of Common Grace | 670 | |
| § 4. | Efficacious Grace | 675 |
| Why Efficacious. — Not simply ab eventu. — Not from its Congruity | 677 | |
| The Augustinian Doctrine | 680 | |
| Statement of the Doctrine. — The Main Principle involved | 682 | |
| It is the Almighty Power of God. — Hence 1. It is Mysterious and Peculiar. 2. Distinct from Common Grace. 3. Distinct from Moral Suasion. 4. Acts immediately. In what Sense Physical. 5. It is Irresistible. 6. The Soul is Passive in Regeneration. 7. Regeneration Instantaneous. 8. It is an Act of Sovereign Grace | 688 | |
| § 5. | Proof of the Doctrine | 689 |
| 1. Common Consent. 2. Analogy. 3. Ephesians iii. 17, 19. 4. General Teachings of Scripture. 5. Nature of Regeneration. 6. Argument from related Doctrines. 7. From Experience | 706 | |
| § 6. | Objections | 709 |
| § 7. | History of the Doctrine of Grace | 710 |
| Doctrine of the Early Church. — Pelagian Doctrine. — Semi-Pelagian. — Scholastic Period. — Synergistic Controversy. — Controversies in the Reformed Church. — Hypothetical Universalism. — Supernaturalism and Rationalism | 721 | |
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