THE CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA

AN INTERNATIONAL WORK OF REFERENCE
ON THE CONSTITUTION, DOCTRINE,
DISCIPLINE, AND HISTORY OF THE
CATHOLIC CHURCH

EDITED BY

CHARLES G. HERBERMANN, Ph.D., LL.D.

EDWARD A. PACE, Ph.D., D.D.   CONDE B PALLEN, Ph.D., LL.D.

THOMAS J. SHAHAN, D.D.   JOHN J. WYNNE, S.J.

ASSISTED BY NUMEROUS COLLABORATORS

IN FIFTEEN VOLUMES

VOLUME 8

Infamy to Lapparent

New York: ROBERT APPLETON COMPANY

Imprimatur

JOHN M. FARLEY

ARCHBISHOP OF NEW YORK