Note 037
From Chapter 60 of the Decline & Fall

When the son of Charlemagne asserted his right of sovereignty, he was answered by the loyal Venetians,

(Constantin. Porphyrogenit. de Administrat Imperii, pars ii. c. 28, p. 85); and the report of the 9^th establishes the fact of the 10^th century, which is confirmed by the embassy of Liutprand of Cremona. The annual tribute, which the emperor allows them to pay to the king of Italy, alleviates, by doubling, their servitude; but the hateful word must be translated, as in the charter of 827(Laugier, Hist. de Venice, tom. i. p. 67, etc.), by the softer appellation of subditi, or fideles.