Eusebius of Caesarea, Onomasticon (1971) Translation. pp. 1-75.
[Translated by C. Umhau Wolf]
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As a kind of preface to the work proposed by you, O Paulinus, holy man of God, I have previously presented the subjects suggested. First I translated into the Greek language the names of the nations throughout the world which have Hebrew names in the sacred Scriptures. Then on the basis of the whole Bible I composed a map of ancient Judea and defined the allotments of the twelve tribes within it. Furthermore, using the "blueprint" as it were, provided by Scripture, I sketched a representation of their ancient and renowned capital, i.e., Jerusalem, and of its temple with appended notes of its areas.
Now, in this work and in accordance with those things previously prepared for the usefulness of the completed project, I continue your proposal and set forth the names of the cities and villages mentioned in the Sacred Scriptures in their native language, of what sort of territory they were, and whether our contemporaries call them by the same name as the ancients or otherwise. I shall gather the materials sought from all of the inspired Scripture, but for easy reference I shall organize in alphabetic order each of the citations scattered among the readings.
Eusebius who received his cognomen from the sainted martyr Pampilius had already written the following:
1) The Ten books of the Church History
2) The Canons of the Times (which we rendered into Latin)
3) Names of the various Nations (in which he explained how these were formally spoken among the Hebrews and are now spoken)
4) Description of the land of Judea and the lots of the separate tribes
5) Also a Plan of Jerusalem and its temple with a most succinct description
Finally he worked on this little book and gathered together for us from the Holy Scriptures almost all the names of cities, mountains, rivers, villages and other places indicating if they still exist, are unchanged or are in part corrupted. And so we have translated the study of this remarkable man according to the order of the alphabet in Greek. We have left unchanged those proper records we have not seen, but have changed a few.
As formerly in the preface to The Canons of the Times, I debated whether I should be only a translator or an author of a new work. Especially because someone hardly instructed in the language dared to translate this same book into the Latin language which is not really Latin. The wise reader will quickly discover the ignorance of him by comparison with what we have translated. Even though I do not claim for myself eminence, nevertheless I believe I can surpass those who are farmers.
Ararat, Armenia.1 Scripture says that the ark came to rest (after the deluge) in the mountains of Ararat. It is asserted that the remains of the ark are still shown on the mountains of Armenia. Jeremiah also mentions Ararat in his vision against Babylon. In the first book of the Antiquities of the Jews Josephus likewise sets forth the story of the place. Upon the testimony of non-scriptural witnesses he derives this information:
"Noah, thus learning that the earth was delivered from the flood, waited yet seven days, and then let the animals out of the ark, went forth himself with his family, sacrificed to God and feasted with his household. The Armenians call that spot the Landing-Place, for it was there that the ark came safe to land, and they show the relics of it to this day. This flood and the ark are mentioned by all who have written histories of the barbarians. Among these is Berosus the Chaldean who in his description of the events of the flood writes somewhere as follows: ‘It is said, moreover, that a portion of the vessel still survives in Armenia on the mountains of the Cordyaeans, and that persons carry off pieces of the bitumen, which they use as talismans.’ These matters are also mentioned by Hieronymus the Egyptian, author of the ancient history of Phoenicia, by Mnaseas and by many others. Nicolas of Damascus in his 96th book relates the story as follows: ‘There is above the country of Minyas in Armenia a great mountain called Baris, where, as the story goes, many refugees found safety at the time of the flood, and one man, transported upon an ark, grounded upon the summit, and of the timber were for long preserved; this might well be the same man of whom Moses, the Jewish legislator wrote.’"
Achad.2 City of King Nebrod in Babylon. [According to the Hebrews this is said to be the Mesopotamia city which today is called Nisibis. It was once besieged and captured by Lucullus the Roman consul and within a few years was given over by Emperor Iovianus to the Persians.]
Aggai (Ai).3 To the west of Bethel. They are not far distant from one another. Bethel is now located on the left side of the road going from Neapolis to Jerusalem at about the 12th milestone from Jerusalem. Bethel even now exists. [A church has also been built there where Jacob slept on the way to Mesopotamia whence this place was given the name Bethel which means "house of God". But for Aggai, a deserted place, there are shown only ruins. This is also called in Scripture Gai. [It should be remarked that there is no letter G in Hebrew but it was called Ai, written with the letter called by them Ain.]
Astarōth Karnaein.4 Territory of the giants situated above (on the ridge). Sodom which Chodollagomor captured (destroyed). Today there are two towns (forts) of this name in Batabia or Beloloun the cities of Adara and Abila, about nine miles apart.
Arbō. [Arboc.5 In our codex written corruptly as Arboc, Arbo is the reading in the Hebrew. That means "four" since this is where the three patriarchs Abraham, Isaac and Jacob along with the "great Adam" are buried. So in the book of Josue. Perhaps some suppose this tradition that he was buried in the location of Calgary.] "That is, Hebron" now a large town which was formerly a metropolis of the foreigners where giants dwelled. Afterwards the capital of David. It was allotted to the tribe of Juda and was a Levitical city and one of the cities of refuge. It is twenty-two miles south of Jerusalem. The oak of Abraham [which is also Mamrē, was pointed out up to the time of Constantine, emperor of Rome] and his tomb are seen there [a church has been constructed there by us]. The terebinth where angels were entertained by Abraham is openly revered by the people (in the vicinity as a religious place). Formerly it was called Arbo but later Hebron after Hebron one of the sons of Caleb according to Paralipomenon.
Ailam (Ailath).6 Is situated at the extremity of Palestine between the southern desert and the Red Sea where cargo was transported by ship from both Egypt and India. A detachment of the Tenth Roman Legion is stationed there. Properly called Aila today (it was formerly pronounced Ailath) from whence the ancient people the Ailamites whose king was Chodollagomor [who is mentioned in the Acts of the Apostles]. Another Ailam of the foreigners (of Palestine) is noted in Kings.
Adama.7 One of the five cities of Sodom which was destroyed with the others.
Asasan Thamar (Asasonthamar).8 Where the Amorrites dwelled whom Chodollagomor destroyed is located near the wilderness of Cades. It is said there is a village Tharmara (a fortThamara) one day journey from Mapsis on the road from Hebron to Ailam. Today there is a garrison (Roman fort) of soldiers there."
Aloua (Allus).9 Region of the princes of Edom (the Edomite) which is now in the Gebalene near the city of Petra.
Ainan (Aenam).10 "On the road to Thamna." Now Ainan is a deserted place near Thamna which today is a large populous town situated between Jerusalem and Diospolis. There is a spring near the place said to be Ainan beside which an idol used to be worshiped by the inhabitants. [There is a spring at the above mentioned place Aena whence Aenan, that is "spring" gets its name, where a strange, large idol is revered by the inhabitants. But the Hebrews declare that Aenan does not designate a place but a crossroad where a clear prospect is required to choose one road from another.]
[Ailōn Atad (Areaatad).11 "Which is beyond the Jordan" where they mourned Jacob. The place is three miles from Jericho and two from the Jordan. It is now called Bethagla which is interpreted "place of circling" because there (according to custom) they were circling in lamentation over Jacob.]
Ailim (Aelim).12 "Where there were twelve springs of water and seventy palm trees." A station of the children of Israel on the desert (to which Moses came after crossing the Red Sea).
[Ailous (Aelim).13 Station of the children of Israel in the desert (in the desert where the children of Israel made camp).]
Aserōth.14 Part of the desert where "Mariam and Aaron spoke against Moses." Once the Avvim dwelt in Aseroth as far as (the city) Gaza. [But rather this is not called Aseroth but Aserim in Hebrew.]
Asemōna.15 Station of the children of Israel in the desert.
Aētharim.16 For Aquila and Symmachus (interpreted) "road of the spies." There "the Canaanite who lived in the Negreb" (south) came and fought the Israelite in the desert.
Aiē or Achelgai.17 Symmachus (interpreted) "on the hills." It is said to be "fronting Moab" (now) Areopolis, "on the east."
Arnōn.18 [A high cliff] "which extends from the territory of the Amorrites" situated between "Moab and the Amorrites" it is also the "border of Moab." Which is Areopolis in Arabic. Today a place called Arnon is pointed out by the nearby inhabitants extending north to Areopolis. Units of soldiers are spread out there to guard it because of the dangers in that place (soldiers from many forts are spread out because of the many bloody and formidable invasions). Once Sehon, king of the Amorrites, took it from the Moabites. (Once this belonged to the Moabites but Sehon, king of the Amorrites, waged war against it and took it.) Afterwards it was given to the children of Israel who took possession of the territory beyond the Jordan reaching from the Arnon to Mt.Hermon and Lebanon. (The territory of the children of Israel beyond the Jordan beginning at the Arnon extends up to Mt.Hermon and Lebanon.)
Ar.19 Place (or city) on the Arnon which according to the Septuagint LXX (hereafter LXX) [the Septuagint interprets with a long vowel] Er.
Aēsimōn.20 Place in the desert [in short this word itself signifies arid land or desert].
Abelsattein (Abelsattim).21 Place in the desert "to the west of Moab" (south).
Azōr (Iazer).22 "Boundary of the children of Ammon" (border city of Ammon) which is called Philadelphia now. It along with Philadelphia delimits the region of the Amorrites. There is eight miles (about) from Philadelphia a village Azer (Iazer) remaining today.
Aroēr.23 "It is on the edge of the Wadi Arnon." A city of Moab which the Emin, an ancient people, once possessed, which the children of Lot, that is those from Moab, seized [and overthrew the former inhabitants]. It is today pointed out perched on the brow of the mountain where the torrent flows through the gorge (abruptly) to the Dead Sea. Aroer was given by lot to the tribe of Gad and is said to be "toward" (opposite) "Rabba."
Astarōth.24 The ancient city of Og [king of Basan] where giants dwelled. It was given to the tribe of Manasse. It is located in the Batanea six miles from Adraa a city of Arabia. Adraa is twenty-five miles from Bostra. Note also the previous Astaroth Karaein.
Agrou Skopia.25 (Lookout). Mountain of Moab to which Balac [son of Sepphor] brought Balaam "on the peak of cursing" overlooking the Dead Sea. It is still pointed out not far from the Arnon. (Diviner to curse against Israel above the precipice which because it falls quite strongly is called "cleft" and impinges over the Dead Sea not far from the Arnon.)
Arabōth Mōab.26 Where the people were numbered a second time. Aquila "on the plain of Moab." Symmachus "on the field of Moab." "It is on the Jordan opposite Jericho." A place is pointed out now near Mt.Phogor which is located on the road from Livias to Hesebon of Arabia opposite Jericho.
Araba. Aquila 27 "In the plain." Symmachus "in the field." Theodotion "in the west." Symmachus also once "uncultivatable."
Astarōth (Ataroth).28 Ancient city of the Amorrites in Peraia [across the Jordan] which was given by lot to the tribe of Gad. Adtaroth is also the name of the son of Salma or Salomon according to Paralipomenon.
Astarōth Sōphar (Ataroth Sofan).29 This is also a city of the tribe of Gad.
Arad.30 City of the Amorrites near the desert of Cades. There is now (shown) a village four miles from Malaatha, and twenty from Hebron. Tribe of Juda.
Asemōna.31 A city in the desert south of Judaea. It determines the border between Egypt and the sea [and the lot of] the tribe of Juda. Note another [Asemōna above], a camp [of the children of Israel].
Akrabbein (Acrabbi).32 Eastern boundary of Judaea. Tribe of Juda. There is a large village nine miles east of Neapolis on the road descending via the so-called Akrabattine toward the Jordan at Jericho. The Akrabbein is said to be also the region of the Amorrites from which according to Judges "the tribe of Nephthali did not drive out" the heathen.
Asadadda (Asadada).33 Northern boundary of Judaea.
[Arad.34 This is also a boundary of Judaea], twenty miles south of Hebron. Note another above.
Asarēnan (Asarenam).35 Northern boundary of Judaea.
Aserna (Asernai).36 This is also a boundary of Judaea.
Arbēla.37 Eastern boundary of Judaea. There is a village of Arbela across the Jordan in the region of Pella, a city of Palestine. Another Arbela lies in the Great Plain nine mile north from Legeon.
Aulōn.38 [Not Greek as one might think since this is a Hebrew word] The Great long plain is still called the Aulon. It is bordered on both sides by mountains [and is very long] extending from Lebanon to the desert of Pharan. In the Aulon [that is the valley plain] is the famous city [Tiberias] and nearby the lake, Scythopolis, Jericho and the Dead Sea and their surrounding regions. The Jordan flows through the midst of the whole region (which river) arising from the springs near Paneas and disappearing into the Dead Sea.
Amalēkitis (Amalecitis).39 Territory in the desert to the south of Judaea beyond the city called Petra going toward Aila. The Scripture emphasizes this, "Amalek lived in the region of the Negeb (south)." From this region other Canaanites came and fought the children of Israel in the desert. The same Scripture testifies "The Amalecites and Canaanites are living in the valley."
Araba.40 [Aquila "plain." Symmachus] "field." Note above also. There is a village called Araba in the district of Diocaesarea [which was formerly called Safforinia] and another about three miles west of Scythopolis.
Amman.41 This is now Philadelphia, a famous city of Arabia. "The Raphaim formerly lived" there. The sons of Lot drove out the inhabitants who lived there in Amman before them.
Argob.42 Territory of the kingdom of Og [king of Basan] above the Jordan which was taken [by lot] by the half tribe of Manasse. There is even now a village called Erga near Gerash, a city of Arabia, fifteen miles to the west. It is interpreted by Symmachus "outskirts."
Asēdōth.43 City of the Amorrites which was given [by lot] to the tribe of Ruben. It is called Asedoth Phasga which is "hewn in rock" (in our tongue "cut away").
Abareim (Abarim).44 The mountain on which Moses died. It is said to be "Mt.Nebo which is in the land of Moab facing Jericho "beyond the Jordan on the summit of Phasga." The very same names are pointed out when one goes from Livias to Hesebon near Mt.Phogor itself which still bears that name, from which the territory is also even now called Phasga.
Auōth Iaeir (Avothiair).45 [Which is interpreted "home of Iair."] It is in Basan (where there are sixty villages in Mt.Galaad). There is a village Iaeir in the mountains of Galaad which was taken (by lot) by the half tribe of Manasse. It is now in the place called Gonia (Golan) in the (region of) Batanaea.
Antilibanos (Antilibanus).46 What is beyond the Lebanon to the East toward (near) region of Damascus (is called Antilibanus). Tribe of Manasse (which the tribe of Manasse received by lot).
Azēka (Azeca).47 City of the Chanaanites to which Josue pursued the five kings. It was given to the tribe of Juda. There is even now a village called Azeka between Eleutheropolis and Jerusalem.
Ailōm (Aialon).48 Ravine. Where "the moon" stood when Josue prayed, near the village which is even today called Aialon, three miles from Bethel to the east. It is near Gabaa and Rama, cities of Saul. [The Hebrews assert the town of Aialon to be near Nicopolis in the second mile on the road to Jerusalem.]
Achōr.49 The valley called Achor [in Hebrew emecachor which means valley of confusion or violence because of the confusion or violence in Israel] where they stoned Achor (Achan), who stole what was under ban from whom Achor is named. It lies north of Jericho and is even now the name by those nearby [by the inhabitants. Mentioned by Osee the prophet.]
Asēdōth.50 This is another city [not that which has the same name above] which Josue fought, killing its king.
Asōr.51 City of King Jabin which Josue burned because it was alone "chief of all the kingdoms of the foreigners (Philistines)." There is even now another village called Asor in the eastern region of Ascalon. Give [by lot] to the tribe of Juda. Scripture also knows the new Asor [calling it so to distinguish it from the old].
Aermōn.52 Territory of the Hevites captured by Josue. [The Hebrews properly as the reading indicates, affirm that Mt. Hermon is near Paneas which was once held by the Hevites and the Amorrites, from where in summer delicacies of snow are brought down now to Tyre.]
Alak (Aalac).53 Aquila "division of the mountain." Symmachus "smooth mountain" [that is clear or slippery]. A mountain above Paneas.
Aermōn.54 Mountain of the Amorrites [which is reported] the Phoenicians called Sanior and the Amorrites called it "This Sanir." They say it is the mountain even now called Mt. Hermon which is revered as a shrine by the gentiles (on its summit is a wonderful temple where the people worship) opposite (near) Paneas and Lebanon. To the east is the boundary of the inheritance of the children of Israel beyond the Jordan (extends) from Mt.Hermon to the Wadi Arnon.
Anōb.55 A city which Josue fought. There is even now a village near Diospolis, four miles to the east called Betoannaba. [Others however affirm it located eight miles from there and is called Bethannaba.]
Asdōd.56 Which is also (now called) Azotus. The Enacim remained in it (giants as they were called). Today it is a famous city of Palestine. It was in the lot of the tribe of Juda.
Ader.57 A city which Josue fought, killing its king.
Aphek (Afec).58 A city which Josue also fought, killing its king.
Aksaph (Acsaf).59 This king Josue also fought. It is reported there is a village (called) Chasalous in the plain below Mt.Thabor eight miles from Diocaesarea.
Akkarōn (Accaron).60 (In) tribe of Dan [or as I determine in the tribe of Juda]. "It is counted among the Chanaanites." One city of the five satrapies of the heathen (Palestine) which was also allotted to the tribe of Judah. But they did not possess it since they did not destroy the heathen (never were able to expel the original inhabitants from it). There is also a large village of Jews called Accaron between Azotus and Iamnia to the east. [Some believe Accaron to be the Tower of Strato afterwards called Caesarea.]
Azōtos (Azotus).61 Which is called (above) Asdod. The (not ignoble) city of Palestine still remains. Formerly one of the five satraps of the heathen which was also allotted to Juda, but they did not possess it because they did not destroy the heathen (were not able to expel the original inhabitants).
Askalōn (Ascalon).62 A renowned city of Palestine. Formerly one of the five satrapies (of the heathen) which was allotted to Judah but they did not possess it because they did not destroy the heathen (were not able to overcome its inhabitants).
Apheka (Afeca).63 Boundary "of the Amorrites" beyond the Jordan which was given to the tribe of Ruben. There is now a large village (castle) called Aphec near Hippos a city of Palestine.
Algad (Agad).64 (Located) "at (the foot of) Mt.Hermon."
Aimath (Aemoth).65 City of the valley was given to Ruben. They say there is now a village Amathous in the lower Peraea (beyond the Jordan), south of Pella. Another village near Gadaranis (named) Emmath where there is hot water (where hot water flows forth) for hot baths. In Kings it is said, "from the entrance of Emath unto the sea of the Arabia" (that is wilderness) which is the Dead Sea. [I have however discovered upon investigation a city of Coele Syria called Aemath which is now called Epifania in the Greek tongue.]
Ammon.66 Beyond the Jordan. City of the tribe of Gad. It is Amman or Philadelphia, a famous city of Arabia.
Adira.67 (In) the tribe of Juda near the desert. There is another village in the region of Diospolis near Thamnitike which region itself is called after the village Thamna.
Akarka.68 Symmachus "the ground." A village near the desert. Tribe of Juda.
Achōr.69 (In) the [tribe of Juda. Note also above.
Adommim].70 (Lot of) the tribe of Juda. (Once) a little village, now deserted. The place is called Maledamim on the road going down from Jerusalem to Jericho. A garrison is there. [In Greek "the ascent of blood." The Latin also calls it the ascent of red or redness for the blood of those so often poured out by the soldiers. It is also on the boundary of the tribes of Juda and Benjamin. A fort of soldiers is located there to help travelers. This is the place of the wounded and bloodied of which the Lord speaks in the Parable of the one going down from Jerusalem to Jericho.]
Amam.71 (In) the tribe of Juda.
Aser.72 (In) the tribe of Juda. There is now a large village called Aser on the road from Azotus to Ascalon.
Asarsoual (Asarsual).73 (In) the tribe of Juda.
Ain.74 (In) the tribe of Juda. (City) set aside for priests. There is now a village called Bethanin two miles from the terebinth (that is the tent of Abraham) and four from Hebron.
Asthaōl.75 (In) the tribe of Juda. There is (remains today) now a (little) village called Astha between Azotus and Ascalon.
Asna.76 (In) the tribe of Juda.
Adolam (Adollam).77 (In) the tribe of Juda. A large (not small) village (called by that name) is now ten miles east of Eleutheropolis.
Adiathaim (Adithaim).78 (In the lot of) the tribe of Juda. It is reported that there is a village Adia near Gaza and another Adatha near Diospolis to the east.
Adasa.79 (In) the tribe of Juda. There is now even a village near Gophna. [But I wonder how Gufna region can possibly be in the tribe of Juda. Evidently it should be as again in the Book of Josue I is given to the lot of Ephraim.]
Ather.80 (In) the tribe of Juda.
Asan.81 (In) the tribe of Juda. There is now also a village called Bethasan in the region of Jerusalem sixteen miles (in the fifteenth) to the west.
Asema.82 (In) the tribe of Juda.
Achzeib (Agzif).83 (In) the tribe of Juda.
Anab.84 (In) the tribe of Juda. It is even now in the in the boundary of Eleutheropolis. Also another large village of the Jews called Ania in the Daroma nine miles south Hebron.
Asthemō (Asthemof).85 (In) the tribe of Juda. This village (of the Jews) is also in the Daroma north of Aneon.
Aneim (Anim).86 (In) the tribe of Juda. Another Anaia near the former (of which we spoke above) now happens to be wholly Christian (all its inhabitants are Christians) to the east of the first.
Aphaka (Afeca).87 (In) the tribe of Juda.
Amata (Ammata).88 (In) the tribe of Juda.
Arebba.89 (In) the tribe of Juda.
Archiatarōth (Ataroth).90 City of the tribe of Joseph [near Rama in the tribe of Joseph].
Atarōth.91 (City of) the tribe of Ephraim. There is now also a village Ataros four miles north of Sebaste (it is said).
Adar.92 City of the tribe of Ephraim.
Asēr.93 City of the tribe of Manasse. There is also now (pointed out) a village called thus on the road (descending) from Neapolis to Scythopolis in the fifteenth mile near the main highway.
Atarōth.94 City of the lot (tribe) of Benjamin. There are now two Ataroths near Jerusalem.
Anathōth.95 City or the lot of Benjamin. Set aside for priests near Jerusalem at the third milestone. The home of Jeremia the prophet.
Adar (Addar).96 City of the lot of Benjamin.
Ailmōn (Aelomon).97 City or lot (tribe) of Benjamin. Set aside for priests.
Amekkasis (Amez-casis).98 City or lot of Benjamin [that is valley of Casis in tribe of Benjamin].
[Aueim (Avim).99 (In tribe of) lot of Benjamin.]
Aphra.100 (In tribe of) lot of Benjamin. There is also even now a village Aphra (in of Bethel) five miles to the east.
Ammōenia (Ammoeniam).101 (In the tribe of) lot of Benjamin.
Aphnei (Afni).102 (In tribe of) lot of Benjamin.
Alph.103 Lot of Benjamin. (This entry is missing in Latin.)
Arēm (Arim).104 (In tribe of) lot of Benjamin. It in now a village near Diospolis called Bethariph.
Amsa.105 (In tribe of) lot of Benjamin.
Asar.106 (In tribe of) lot of Simeon.
Anan.107 (In tribe of) lot of Simeon.
Amarchabob.108 (In tribe of) lot of Simeon.
Ain.109 (In tribe of) lot of Juda or Simeon. Priestly city.
Asenna.110 (In tribe of) lot of Simeon.
Ammathar.111 (In tribe of) lot of Zabulon.
Anoua (Anua).112 (In tribe of) lot of Zabulon. There is another village Anoua on the road from Neapolis to Jerusalem at the fifteenth (tenth) milestone.
Anathōn.113 (In the tribe of) lot of Zabulon.
Acheselōth (Achaseloth).114 City of (tribe of) lot of Issachar. They say there is a village (called) Chaalous in the plain by Mt.Tabor eight miles east of Diocaesarea (as we said above).
Aiphraim (Aefraim).115 City of (tribe of) lot of Issachar. There is a village Aphraia called Aphraia six miles north of Legeōn.
Anerth (Anereth).116 (In) lot of (tribe of) Issachar.
Aims (Aemes).117 (In) lot of (tribe of) Issachar.
Achsaph (Achsaf).118 (In tribe of) lot of Aser.
Alimelech.119 Lot of Aser.
Amod (Amath).120 (In tribe of) lot of Aser.
Abdōn.121 (In tribe of) lot of Aser. [City separated to Levites.]
Aneiēl (Aniel).122 (In tribe of) lot of Aser. There is a village (named) Baitonnaia, fifteen miles east of Caesarea, lying in the mountains were there are said to be healing baths.
Achran.123 (In tribe of) city of Aser.
Armmōn.124 (In tribe of) lot of Aser.
Akchō (Accho).125 It is now called Ptolemais. Lot of Aser where Aser "did not destroy" the heathen (drive out the former inhabitants).
[Achzeiph (Achzif).126 (In tribe of) lot of Aser, from which they did not destroy the heathen] (in which the foreigners remained). It is Ekdippa, nine miles from Ptolemais, on the road to Tyre.
Amma.127 Lot of Aser.
Aphek (Afec).128 Lot of Aser from which they did not destroy the heathen (in which the early inhabitants remained).
Ademmei (Ademme).129 (In tribe of) lot of Nephthali.
Asedeim (Aseddim).130 (In tribe of) lot of Nephthali.
Amath.131 (In tribe of) lot of Nephthali.
Adami.132 (In tribe of) lot of Nephthali.
Asōr.133 Lot of Nephthali. (It is written) the King of Assyria also destroyed this.
Azanōth.134 Boundary of Nephthali. (Now there is also) a village in the plain in the region of Diocaesarea.
Ailōn.135 City of the lot of Dan. Separated to the Levites. A village of Alon is near Nicopolis. Before "Ailon" Origen (Septuagint) interprets "where there were bears."
Arad.136 City where "the children of Iothor (omitted pr. n.), of Iobab father-in-law of Moses" dwelled in the midst of Israel.
Ared.137 Spring beside which Gadeon camped.
Arisōth.138 City of Sisara, general of Jabin. Tabis is now a great city (village) beyond the Jordan six miles from the city of Pella on the road to Geresh.
[Ares.139 Ascet of Hares. Aquila "thicket." Symmachus "mountain."]
Aroueir (Aruir).140 Where Jephte fought. It is a village in the mountains six miles north of Jerusalem.
Arima.141 Where Abimelech was crowned.
Aialon (Aialin).142 City "in the land of Zabulon." Home of Elon the judge of Israel.
Abel.143 Of the vineyards. Where Jephte fought. Land of the children of Amman. There is even now a village Abela, a fertile vineyard, (to be seen in the seventh) six miles from Philadelphia. Also another famous wine producing city called Abela is twelve miles east of Gadara. And there is (still) a third Abela of the Phoenicians (in Phoenicia) between Damascus and Paneas.
Armthem Seipha (Sofim).144 City of Elcana and Samuel. It is situated (in the region of Thamna) near Diospolis. The home of Joseph who was from Arimathea in the Gospels.
Abenezer.145 A stone of help (hearing or of help). Place where "the heathen carried away the ark of the covenant" between Jerusalem and Ascalon near the village of Bethaamas.
Aphesdomeim (Afesdomim).146 Where Saul fought. Aquila (interprets) "on the boundary of Dommein."
Anegb (Annegeb).147 Aquila "south." Symmachus "south."
Arith.148 Where David dwelled. There is a village (named) Arath west of Jerusalem.
Aialim.149 Aquila (translates) "of the deer." Theodotion "the stones of the deer."
Aendōr.150 (Which is "in Jezrahel" where the children of Israel prepared for battle. There is now a large town Endor four miles south of Mt.Thabor.
Aphek (Afec).151 Near Endor of Jezrahel where the war broke out against Saul.
Arma.152 Where David sent some of "the spoils."
Athach.153 Where David sent some of the "spoils."
Amma.154 "By the wilderness road of Gabaon."
Aeththam Adassai (Aethon Adasai).155 (Which for Symmachus is (interpreted) "the lower road."
Alōn Area Orna.156 This is Jerusalem.
Assour.157 City in Judaea which Solomon built.
Abelmaelai (Abelmaula).158 One of the capital cities of Solomon. Home of Eliseus (the prophet). There is now a village called Bethmaela (Bethmaula) in the Aulon [of which we have spoken above], ten miles from Scythopolis (to the south). There is also a (little village Abelmea seen on the road from (between) Neapolis to (and) Scythopolis.
Auothiaeir (Avothiair).159 One of the capital cities of Solomon.
Ailath.160 "On the shore of the red sea in the land of Edom." Note above Ailas also.
Ailōth (Aeloth).161 Azarias built this.
Ainda (Aenda).162 Asa (the king) fought against this (and overthrew it).
Asiōn Babai (Asiongaber).163 (Which is also Asion Gaber. There the ships of Josaphat were broken (the fleet was destroyed). It is said to be Aisla (Essia) quite near Aila beside the Red Sea.
Alae (Alle), Abor, Gozan.164 (Names) of rivers in the territory of the Medes on whose mountains Israel was resettled (was led away captive).
Abena (Abana).165 River of Damascus.
Aophsith (Aofsithe).166 Or Aphousoth which Aquila (understands) "in freedom."
Aian.167 The "king of Assyria" captured this.
Aia.168 [Place in the territory of Assyria.
Ainath] (Ameth).169 Territory of Assyria.
Asimath (Asima).170 [City in the land of Judaea which] those from Aimath (Emath) built there.
Arkem (Arcem).171 According to Josephus this is Petra the famous city of Palestine.
Adramelech.172 Assyrian idol. The same as Anemelech (Latin omits this phrase) [which the Samaritans worshiped] which were the gods of the Samaritans.
Arōnieim (Aroniim).173 A road (according to) Isaia. Aquila Oronaim, Symmachus Aranneim. In the vision "against the Moabs."
[Agalleim (Agallim).174 Isaia (also mentions this) in his vision "against the Moabites."] There is now the village Aigalleim (Aegalim) eight miles south of Areopolis.
Aileim (Aelim).175 Well of Deimmon (Dimon). [This place is also recorded in] Isaia in the vision "against the Moabites."
Arina (omitted in Latin) or also Ariel.176 Aquila and Symmachus "lion of God." It is asserted that this is (the same as) Areopolis since the inhabitants of Areopolis still call their idol Ariel worshiping Ares (that is Mars) from whom the city (supposedly) is named. [It seems to be, however, that as a consequence of the prophetic text Ariel signifies allegorically Jerusalem or the temple itself, and that is the lion of God who bears the rule strongly and powerfully. Concerning this I speak more fully in the book Hebrew Questions.]
Adama.177 (In Isaia). Aquila and Symmachus "ground," Theodotion (interprets) "land."
Agros (Ager).178 Of the fullers. According to Isaia. The place is pointed out now in the suburbs of Jerusalem.
[Asedek (Asedec).179 Isaia the prophet predicts the future of this place in Egypt. Remember, however, that in Hebrew this name should be written Aares which is dryness and some interpret "‘in the sun," but others translate "in the clay" probably designating either Heliopolis or Ostracinas. But these disputed matters are discussed more fully in the book Hebrew Questions.]
Arphad (Arfad).180 City of Damascus against which the King of Assyria fought. (as it is written) in Isaia, Jeremia and Kings.
Anaeougaua (Aneugaua).181 In Isaia. Aquila [Ane and Gaua]. Symmachus "rouse up" and "humiliate." [Perhaps the U syllable in the middle of the word should be interpreted as the conjunction "and."] Also in Kings (we read about this also in Kings).
Armenia.182 (In) Isaia (Which is) Ararat. Sarasa (Latin omits).
Asel (Asael).183 Zachariah mentions this.
Anamaēl (Anameel).184 Tower of Jerusalem [as written in the book of] Zachariah.
Asademōth (Assaremoth).185 In Jeremia. In Hebrew "of Sademoth" (is written). Aquila "the suburbs."
Aeniōth.186 In Jeremia. Aquila "workshop" (or shop).
Alōth (Alaoth).187 In Jeremia. (For which) in Hebrew Louith (Luith is written).
Aitham (Aethan).188 In Jeremia. (Which) Aquila (interprets) "firm" ("powerful"). Symmachus "ancient."
Akeldama (Aceldama).189 "Field of blood." in the Gospels. It is even now pointed out on the north (south side) of Mt. Zion in Jerusalem.
Ainōn (Aenon).190 "Near Saleim" (Salim), where John baptized according to the Gospel of John. The place is pointed out even now eight miles south of Scythopolis near Salalm (Salim) and the Jordan.
Babel (Which is also) Babylon.191 Interpreted "confusion." It was the city of Nemrod, king of the giants. Where the tongues of those who designed the tower were confused, whose chief, Josephus affirms, had been Nimrod. He also is a witness to the story about the tower which the Greek Sibylline taught, saying. "The place in which they built the tower" is now called Babylon because of the obvious confusion of their first language. The Hebrews called that confusion Babel. [Because of the confusion of the speech of those who were building the most high tower with all zeal since the Hebrews call confusion Babel.] Concerning this tower and the dialects of man the Sibylline also recalls writing thus. All mankind had one language but some built a high tower so they might climb up to heaven by it. The gods sending winds overturned the tower and gave to each his own (peculiar and unique) language. And so because of this the city is called Babylon."
Baithēl (Bethel).192 It is now a village twelve miles from Jerusalem to the right of the road going to Neapolis. It was formerly called Oulamma and also Luza. It was given to (the lot of) the tribe of Benjamin, near Bethaven and Gai. Josue also fought there killing the king. [Further, since some hold Ulammaus to be the old form following the error of the Greek volume, they err greatly. Surely the word is Hebrew and they appear to have confused the name of the city with Ulam meaning "first," i.e., former, while Luza really means "almond." So properly Bethel was first called Luza. Neither this nor Bathaun should be looked for in another city since the Hebrews reckoned them to be Bethel. But from the time of Jeroboam, son of Nabat, made there the Golden calves and the ten tribes worshiped there, it has been called Betraun, i.e., "House of God." But we have spoken of this fully in the book Hebrew Questions.]
Bala.193 "That is Sigor (Segor) It is now called Zoora (Zoara), the only one [of the five cities] of the territory of Sodom [cursed by Lot] which escaped. It is now inhabited (remains still) in the vicinity of the Dead Sea. A garrison of (Roman) soldiers is (stationed) there (a peculiar people crowd in there.) The Balsam and the date palm in the land surrounding it proves the ancient fertility of the place. [Nothing is wrong because Segor is said to be Zoara, for they are the same word for "very little" or "little." It is Segor in Hebrew and Zoara in Syriac. Bala however is interpreted "swallowed." On this we have spoken fully in the book: Hebrew Questions.]
Belanos (Belanus).194 "Mourning" (i.e., oak) under which Rebecca’s nurse died and was buried.
Barad.195 "Between Cades and Barad the well of Agar is even now pointed out.
Bēthlehem.196 [City of David. In the lot of the] tribe of Juda (in which our Lord and Savior was born.] It is six miles south of Jerusalem near the road descending to Hebron. There the tombs of Jesse and David are pointed out. [One mile farther. near the tower of Ader, which means "tower of the flock," is where the shepherds heard prophetically of the Lord’s birth before it happened. Also near this same Bethlehem is pointed out the tomb of one of the kings of Judaea, Archalaeus, which is reached first on a narrow path diverting from the main highway to our cell.] Also called Bēthleem is the son of Efratha, (i.e. of Mary) according to Paralipomenon (book it is fully spoken. Read the story well!).
Beelsephōn (Beelrefon).197 Station of the children of Israel near the desert going out of Egypt through the waters, near the Red Sea.
Banēiakan (Baneiacan).198 Station on the desert in the journey of the people (children of Israel).
Bamōth.199 City of the Amorrites near the Jordan in the region of the Arnon which the sons of Ruben took.
Basan.200 [Of which is written above] "Og, king of Basan." This is also the Maachathites who are called Aouth Iaeir (that is resident Iair). And the (half-) tribe of Manasse received it (by lot). Located in the Galaad, it is the region of the Basanites which is now called Batanaia.
Beelphegōr (Baelfegor).201 (Which is interpreted "idol of shame." It is the idol of Moab which is Baal on Mt.Phogor [which the Latins call Priapus. This is fully discussed in the book Hebrew Questions].
Baian (Baean).202 City of the Amorrites which the sons of Ruben took.
Bēthnamran (Bethamnaram).203 Across the Jordan. Which the tribe of Gad built. There is even now a village Bethnampris five miles north of Livias.
[Betharran.204 Across the Jordan. Which the tribe of Gad built.]
Beelmeōn.205 Across the Jordan. Which the sons of Ruben built. There is a large village near the hot waters of Baara [where the water springs freely from the earth] called Beelmaous of Arabia, located nine miles from Hesebon. Eliseus the prophet came from here.
Baal.206 Across the Jordan. City of the sons of Ruben.
Bouthan (Buthan).207 Station of the children of Israel in the desert which is also (called) Aitham (Aetham).
Bēla.208 Eastern boundary of Judaea. Note also the above (named) Arbela.
Bosor.209 "In the desert," "across the Jordan," (given in the lot to) "the tribe of Ruben," "east of Jericho," a priestly city of refuge. This is Bostra a metropolis of Arabia. There is also another Bosor, city of Esau, now in the hills of Idumea which Isaia mentions saying, "Who is this coming from Edom? The one in red garments from Bosor?"
Bēroth.210 "Of the sons of Jakeim (Iacim)." Place in the desert where Aaron died. It is pointed out (still today) ten miles from Petra on the summit of the mountain.
Bounos.211 (That is hill) of foreskins. Place at Galgal where Josue circumcised the people (of Israel). At the second mile from Jericho is pointed out even now (today) the stones which were brought up out of the Jordan (as scripture records).
Bēthōrōn.212 To where the (enemy) kings were pursued by Josue. Given (in lot) to the sons of Joseph, that is Ephraim. There are two villages twelve miles from Jerusalem on the road to Nicopolis, [of which the near] one called [Bethoron the Lower] set apart for the Levites.
Barnē.213 This is Cades Barne, on the desert which extends up to the city of Petra.
Baalgad.214 In the plain "of the Lebanon at the foot of Mt.Hermon. Josua also captured this.
Bethphogor (Bethfogor).215 Across the Jordan. City of the sons of Ruben near Mt.Phogor, opposite Jericho, six miles above Livias.
Bēthasimouth (Bethsimuth).216 Place of (home of) Isimouth. [There is even now (up to today a village Ismouth] opposite Jericho, ten miles to the south near the Dead Sea.
Bērōth (Beeroth).217 At the foot (the hill) Gabaon. There is now (pointed out today) a village near Jerusalem on the road to Nicopolis (Neapolis) at the seventh milestone.
Botnia (Bothnim).218 Also Poteein (Latin omits). Across the Jordan, a city of the tribe of Gad. There is even now (today) a place called by this same name.
[Bētharam.219 City of the tribe of Gad near the Jordan,] which (is called) according to the Assyrians (Syrians) Bethramphtha. It is now called Livias [so named by Herod in honor of Augustus].
Bethnema.220 Across the Jordan. City (of the tribe) of Gad near Livias.
[Bethagla.221 Tribe of Juda.] There is now a village called Agla ten miles from Eleutheropolis on the road to Gaza. Also another (maritime) Bethagla by the sea eight miles (from Gaza).
Bētharaba.222 (In) the tribe of Juda.]
Baal.223 "This is Carlatihjarim, city of Iarim," (i.e., town of the forest or as some think city of Iarim) tribe of Juda. There is a village Cariathiareim (today) on the road descending from Jerusalem to Diospolis at the tenth milestone.
Baala.224 Also Bala (not in Latin). (In) tribe of Juda.
Balōth.225 (In) tribe of Juda.
Bethphalei (Bethfali).226 Also Bethelei (not in Latin). (In) tribe of Juda.
Bērsabee.227 (In) tribe of Juda or Simeon. There is now a large village twenty miles south of Hebron in which a garrison of (Roman) soldiers is stationed. Here the territory of Judaea begins extending up to Dan near Paneas. Bersabee is interpreted "well of the oath" because there Abraham and Isaac swore (a pact of alliance) with Abimelech. It is not necessary to move the cities reported in Juda which are also found in Simeon and/or Benjamin. For since the tribe of Juda excelled in war it is likely that through a successful action, in the final description of the territory it was given a share of the inheritance allotted to the other tribes. Scripture indicates quite clearly that Simeon lived in the midst of Juda. [Once the men of the tribe of Juda were most warlike, strong and numerous, dominating all as the chief tribe and so therefore the lots of other tribes are occasionally reported as bound to it. Scripture also teaches quite clearly that Simeon dwelled in the mist of the tribe of Juda.]
Balaam (Balam).228 (In) tribe of Juda.
Baskōth (Bascath).229 (In) tribe of Juda.
Bethdagōn.230 (In) tribe of Juda. There is now (still today) a large village Keparadagōn (Caferdago) [pointed out] between Diosopolis and Iamnia.
Bēthalōth.231 (In) tribe of Juda.
Bēthphou (Bathaffu).232 (In) tribe of Juda. A village fourteen miles beyond Raphia on the road to Egypt. It is the border of Palestine.
Betharaba.233 Symmachus "near the uninhabitable" [translates "in the place which is near the uninhabitable," meaning desert.]
Beesthara.234 (In) tribe of Manasse. Separated to the Levites "in the Basanite" (region).
Bethaun.235 (In) tribe of Benjamin. Near Gai and Bethel, opposite Machmas, [which some regard to be the same as Bethel as said above].
[Baliloth.236 (In) tribe of Benjamin.]
Bethsour (Bethaur).237 (In) tribe of Juda or Benjamin. There is now a village Bēthsōrō at the twentieth milestone on the road going from Jerusalem to Hebron. (Near) there is also pointed out a spring coming out of the hill where it is said the eunuch Candaces was baptized by Philipp. (There is a spring arises at the foot of the hill and bubbles forth, and is swallowed by the ground.) There is also another Bethsour (in) the tribe of Juda one mile (a thousand paces) from Eleutheropolis.
Boon.238 (In) tribe of Benjamin.
[Bēthalōn.239 (In) tribe of Benjamin.] Symmachus (interprets) "in the field."
Bēthagla (Bethalla).240 (In) tribe of Benjamin.
[Bērōth.241 (In) tribe of Benjamin.]
Bola.242 (In) lot of (tribe of) Simeon.
Bathoul.243 (In) lot of (tribe of) Simeon.
[Bēth.244 (In) lot of (tribe of) Simeon.]
Baaleth.245 (In) lot of (tribe or) Simeon.
Bērammōth.246 (In) lot of (tribe of) Simeon.
[Bēthlabaōth.247 (In) lot of (tribe of) Simeon.]
Bethleem.248 (In) lot of (tribe of Zabulon. There is another one of Juda. (Distinct from the other named Bethleem of Juda.)
Bēthphasis (Bethfases).249 (In) tribe of Issachar.
Batnai (Batnae).250 (In) tribe of Aser. Now a village called Bethbeten (about) eight miles east of Ptolemais.
Bēthdagōn.251 Linking up "with Zabulon." Lot of Issachar. (Place where the two tribes Zebulon and Issachar have common borders.)
Bēthaemek (Bethemec).252 Symmachus (interprets) "of the valley" (place of the valley). Lot of Aser.
Bēthanatha (Bethana).253 (In) tribe of Nephthali. There is a village (named) Batanaia fifteen miles from Caesarea in which there are said to be healing baths. Note also (under the name) Anaia above.
Banē.254 (In) tribe of Dan.
Barakai (Barac).255 (In) tribe of Dan. There is even now [a little] village (called) Barka (Bareca) near Azotos.
Bezek (Bezec).256 City of (king) Adonibezek. There are now two villages (named) Bezek near each other seventeen miles from Neapolis on the road to Scythopolis (descending to).
Bēthsan.257 The tribe of Manasse "did not destroy" the heathen of this city (were not able to expel the original inhabitants). It is (now called) Scythopolis, a famous Palestinian city. The Scriptures call it also the house of San, which (in our language is interpreted "enemy") is "house of enmity."
Bethsames.258 Priestly city of (in) tribe of Benjamin. It is even now (today pointed out about) ten miles east of Eleutheropolis toward Nicopolis.
Bathma (Bethnath).259 (In) lot of (the tribe of) Nephthali. They did not destroy the heathen here. (But the tribe of Nephthali could not expel the former inhabitants from here.)
[Bethsames.260 Another one.] (The former inhabitants remained here.)
Baalermōn.261 Mountain near Lebanon in the territory of the heathen (Allofylus).
Baleth (Baaleth).262 (In) lot of (tribe of) Dan.
Bethbēra.263 (Interpreted house of) water (or well) which Gideon seized (by warlike expedition).
Bēthasetta.264 Where Madian fled (turned in flight).
Balanos (i.e., oak of) Sikimōn.265 Where Abimelech reigned. It is pointed out (up to today) in the suburbs of Neapolis toward the tomb of Joseph.
Borkonneim (Borconni).266 Aquila "blackthorn" Symmachus (interpreted) "prickly plant."
Bēra.267 Where Joatham stood when he fled from Abimelech. The village (Bera) is eight miles north of Eleutheropolis.
Baalthamar.268 Near Gaba. Where the children of Israel prepared for war against the tribe of’ Benjamin. This place (little town) is also (even today) called Beththamar (as noted above).
Bēthchōr (Bethchur).269 Where (up to this place) the people pursued closely (the fleeing) "heathen." It is also called "the s tone of help."
Bama.270 Where Saul ate with Samuel when he was about to be anointed king. Aquila translates for Bama "hill."
Bōsēs.271 Name of a rock. [About which we speak in the book Hebrew Questions.]
Basōr (Besor).272 Wadi to which David came.
Bōrasan.273 Where (place to which) David sent some of "the spoils."
Baoureim (Baurim).274 Where (place to which) her weeping husband followed Michol, Saul’s daughter.
Baalasōr.275 "Near Ehraim" where "(the sheep) of Absalom" were shorn.
[Bēthmacha.276 (Here Joab followed the fleeing Seba and afterwards, we read, it was taken by the Assyrian king. There is now a village called) Machamim] (in the eighth mile going up from Eleutheropolis to Jerusalem).
Balth (Balaath).277 City which Solomon built.
Baithsarisa (Bethsarisa).278 Where the man came to (the prophet) Eliseus (with his gifts). It is in the boundary of (a village of) Diospolis fifteen miles to the north in the Thamnitica.
Baithaggan (Bethagan).279 Road through which (we read) Ochozias fled.
[Basekath (Bazeoath).280 Ancient city of Judaea.]
Baithakath (Bethacath).281 (Village of Samaria) to which Jehu went. There is a village of Samaria (located not more than) fifteen Miles from (the city of) Legeōn in the great plain. Aquila (interprets) "house of bending" Symmachus "separated house." [This is because of the narrow and low entrance of such a separated house and because one is not able to stand up on entering.]
Baithannē (Baenith).282 Also Bainith. The Samaritans (who were brought from) Babylon built this.
Bublos (Byblus).283 City of the Phoenicians. In Ezechiel. For this the Hebrews have Gobel.
Boubastos (Bubastus).284 City of Egypt in Ezechiel.
Bōz.285 In the land of Kedar. In Jeremia (as Jeremia writes).
Bēl.286 Idol of Babylon.
Bēthsaida.287 City of "Andrew and Peter" and Philipp (the apostles). Located in Galilee on (near) the Lake of Gennesareth.
Bēthphagē (Bethfage).288 (Little) village on the Mt. of Olives where the Lord Jesus came.
Bēthania.289 Village two miles from Jerusalem on the slope of the Mt. of Olives where the Christ (Savior) raised Lazarus. The place (tomb) of Lazarus is pointed out even now [where a church has been constructed.]
Bēthaabara (Bethabara).290 "Where John was baptizing" (the penitent) "across the Jordan." The place is pointed out where many of the brothers even now consider it an honor to wash. (Where today many of the brothers, the believers, desiring a renewal of life are baptized in the Depths.)
Bēzatha (Bethsaida).291 Pool in Jerusalem which is (called probatike and interpreted by us) "sheep." Once it had five porticos. There are now pointed out twin pools, of which one is filled by the rain water (winter rains) and the other it appears that the water becomes miraculously red, as they say, bearing the traces of the sacrificial victims formerly washed in it. So it is called the sheep after the sacrifice. (Red like blood which in itself is seen as a sign of old. The sacrificial victims were brought unbound by the priests into the bath, whence it received its name.)
Gaiōn (Geon).292 The Nile according to the Egyptians, arising out of Paradise and encircling "all of Ethiopia."
Gomorra.293 One of the five cities of Sodom (which divine punishment) destroyed at the same time as the rest.
Gerara.294 The Geraritike is now called after this, (the region) beyond the Daroma. Twenty-five miles south of Eleutheropolis. It is the old southern boundary of the Chanaanites and a royal city of the Philistines (metropolis of Palestine). It is located, as Scripture affirms, "between Cades and Sur" (i.e., between) two deserts. The one adjoins Egypt whence the people came having come through the (straits of the) Red Sea. The other (true) Cades extends up to the desert of the Saracens.
Galaad.295 Mountain to which Jacob went fleeing from Laban, a full "seven days" journey from Haran. It is situated back of Phoenicia and Arabia, connected with (the hills of) Lebanon, extending through the desert as far as Petra beyond the Jordan. There Sehon the Amorrite dwelled. It (the above mentioned mountain) was given by lot to the sons of Ruben and [Gad and the half-tribe of Menasse. In Jeremia it is said], "Galaad, [you are to me] like the peak of Lebanon." There is also a city Galaad set on the mountain with the same name. "The descendants of Machir son of Manasse" took Galaad from the Amorrites.
Gader.296 Tower where Jacob dwelled and Ruben violated the bed (of his father). [Since the letter G is absent in Hebrew it is written Ader.]
Gethem (Gethaim).297 According to the Hebrew, Aueith (Auith). City of Adad, the fourth to rule the land of Edom in Idumaea now called Gebalene.
Gesem.298 District in Egypt in which Jacob dwelled with his sons.
Gasiōn (Gaber).299 Station of the children of Israel in the desert as it is in Numbers and in Deuteronomy. It is the city of Esau. It is thought to be Asian (Essiam) near the Red Sea and Aila.
Gai.300 Station of the children of Israel in the desert. There is even now (said to be) a city Gaia (of Palestine) near (the city of) Petra.
Gelmōn Deblathaeim (Gelmōn Deblathaim).301 Station (i.e., halting place of the children of Israel) in the desert.
Gadgad.302 Mountain in the desert. Station of the children of Israel. (Where the children of Israel made camp.)
Gaza.303 City of the Avvim in which the Caphthorim dwelled who destroyed the Avvim (the former inhabitants). The ancient boundary of the Chanaanites with Egypt. It was allotted to the tribe of Juda but they did not possess it and did not expel the heathen from it. [The Enacim, i.e., giants, of the Allofylus remained most strong.] It remains even now a famous city of Palestine. [It is still to be inquired after since the prophet said Gaza would be an everlasting mound in the future. The solution is: the place of the ancient city hardly shows traces of foundations, yet that which is now seen was in a place different from the one which was destroyed.]
Gergasei (Gergasi).304 Located on the Jordan near the city of the Galaad (City of Transjordan near tribe Mt.Galaad) which the tribe of Manasse received. It is said to be Gerash the famous city of Arabia. Some affirm it to be Gadara. But the Gospel mentions the Gerassenes (Gergessenes).
Gadgada.305 Where "there is a torrent of water" a place in the desert.
Gaulōn or Gōlan (Gōlam).306 (In) the tribe of Manasse. A priestly city of refuge "in the Basanitide." Now a great city (large village) called Golan in the Batanaia. The city and the district have the same name. (From this name the whole region is also named.)
Gaibal (Gebal).307 Mountain in the Promised Land where Moses commanded an altar to be built (at the command of Moses an alter was built). They say (there are) two neighboring mountains facing each other located at (near) Jericho, one of which (is said) to be Garizin, the other Gaibal. But the Samaritans erroneously point out two others near Neapolis (argue for two mountains near Neapolis but they err greatly) since the great distance of one from the other there shows that they are not able to hear one another when calling out from one (hear the voices calling out in turn blessing or cursing as Scripture records).
Garizein (Garizin).308 Mountain where those calling out the blessing (curse) stood. Read the above mentioned Gaibal (Gebal).
Golgol or Galgal.309 The Scriptures teach this is near Mt.Garisein and Mt.Gaibal. The place of Galgal is in the Jericho region (near Jericho). [Therefore the Samaritans err who would point out Mt.Gairsin and Mt.Gebal near Neapolis which Scripture testifies are near Galgal.]
Gai.310 "In the land of Moab." Ravine of Moab. "Near the house of Phogor" where Moses is buried.
Galgala.311 This is the above mentioned Golgol, "to the east" of old Jericho going toward the Jordan. There Josue circled with the people and made "the Passover" using wheat for the first time after the cessation of the manna. (In this place) He set up stones from (carried from the bed of) "the Jordan." The tent of witness remained there. Given by lot to the tribe of Juda. The deserted place is pointed out [two miles from Jericho which the people] today worship as holy (some men of that region hold in holy awe). Another Galgala is found (is looked for) around (near) Bethel.
Gai.312 It is near Bethaun and Bethel. Josue attacked it killing its king. It is now deserted. (Now only a ruined place is shown.) The Amorrites from the Jordan formerly inhabited it.
Gabaon.313 From whence came the Gabaonites in order to make supplication to Josue. It was (once) a great metropolis and capital (royal city) of the Hevites which was given by lot to (tribe of) Benjamin. There is even now a village called the same (pointed out) near Bethel, four miles to the west on the road to Rama. (It lies near Rama and Remmon.) Set aside for Levites near Remmaa. Here Solomon while he was sacrificing (animals) was found worthy of an oracle from God.
Gaibe (Gaba).314 Lot of Benjamin. [City set aside for Levites.
Gazer.315 (In) lot of (tribe of) Ephraim.] (City) set aside for Levites. Josue attacked it killing its king. (Later) Solomon built it up. Now called Gazara, a village four miles north of Nicopolis. (Quite obvious) the tribe of Ephraim did not capture it from the heathen (were not able to expel from it the foreigners).
Goson.316 Josue also attacked this.
Geth.317 (In which the giants) The heathen (called) Enacim and the Philistines not being driven out remained here. There is (pointed out) even now a village (in the fifth mile) on the road from Eleutheropolis to Diospolis five miles from Eleutheropolis.
Gesoureim (Gesom).318 City of the heathen. This is the same as Gargasei in the Basanitide from which the children of Israel did not drive out the Gesoureim (were not strong enough to drive out).
Gader.319 Josue conquered (killed) its king. (We read that) Jacob "pitched his tent beyond the tower of Gadar."
Gōein of Gelgel (Goim in Gelgel).320 Aquila and Symmachus (interpret) "of nations of Gelgel."
Gelgel.321 Josue also took this. Even now (is shown) a village (hamlet) called Galgoulis (Galgulis) six miles north of Antipatris.
Golathmaeim (Golathmaim).322 A place which is interpreted "possessing water."
Gadda.323 (In) tribe of Juda. There is now a village on "the border of the Daroma to the east above (overlooking) the Dead Sea.
Gadeira (Gadera).324 (In) tribe of Juda. There is now a village (hamlet called) Gidora (Gadora) in the district of (city of) Jerusalem around the terebinth.
Gedour (Gedur).325 (In) tribe of Juda. There is now a large village (called) Gedrous (Geddrus) ten miles from Diospolis on the road to Eleutheropolis.
Gabli.326 Land of the heathen (Allofylus).
Gisōn.327 (In) tribe of Juda.
Gelōn.328 (In) tribe of Juda.
Gadērōth.329 (In) tribe of Juda.
Gethemmōn.330 (In) tribe of Manasse. City separated to the Levites.
Gai.331 Ravine (valley or gorge).
Galennoum (Geennom).332 Which is interpreted ravine of Ennoum. This is said to be (thought) Geenna. (Given by) lot of tribe of Benjamin. It is close to the wall of Jerusalem to the East. [More fully discussed in the book Hebrew Questions.]
Geththepher.333 Lot of (in tribe of) Zabulon.
Gēephthael.334 Ravine (i.e., valley) Ephthael. Lot of (in tribe of) Zabulon.
Gabathōn.335 Lot or (in tribe of) Dan. City separated to the Levites. There is a city called Gabe sixteen miles from Caesarea and another village Gabatha on the boundary of Diocaesarea near the great plain of Legeon. And there are villages Gabaa and Gabatha in the eastern region of the Daroma. Another Gabatha, lot (tribe of) of Benjamin where Saul’s home was. Still another Gabathon of the heathen as noted in Kings [near Bethlehem in the tribe of Juda].
Gethremmōn.336 Another. (Another city in tribe of) lot of Dan. Separated to the Levites. There is now a large village twelve miles from Diospolis on the road to Eleutheropolis.
Galeilōth (Galiloth).337 Place by (near) the Jordan where the sons of Ruben set up an altar (to God). (In) tribe of Benjamin.
Gaas.338 Mountain (in the tribe of Ephaim) where Josue was buried north of it. His (the) monument (of Josue son of Nun) is now pointed out near the village of Thamna.
Gabass (Gabath).339 Mountain of Ephraim (Latin omits). City of Phineas son of Eleazar, where Eleazar was buried. There is a village Gabatha twelve miles from Eleutheropolis where the monument of Habacuc is pointed out. (In) tribe of Benjamin.
Gabaan (Gabaam).340 As far as this place (here) Benjamin (the tribe of Benjamin) fought (was fought against) as it is in Judges.
Geththa.341 The ark (of the covenant) was brought here from Azotos. Now it is a large village which is called Giththam on the road between Antipatris and Iamnia. There is also another Geththeim (Geththim).
Gallei (Gallim).342 Home of Phalti, who after David fled got Michol "David’s (his) wife." Mentioned both here and in Isaia. They say there is a village called Gallaia (Gallaa) near Accaron.
Gelamsour (Gelamsur).343 Territory of the heathen (Allofylus).
Gelboue (Gelbua).344 Mountain of the heathen six miles from Scythopolis on which there is a (large) village called Gelbous (Gelbus).
Geddour (Gedud).345 Whence David went down. Aquila "Marauder" (i.e., lightly equipped or armed). Symmachus "armed band."
Gazēra.346 Where David struck down "the heathen." Also note Gazer previously (above).
Gessour (Gessur).347 Territory of the heathen in Syria.
Gilōn.348 Home of Achitophel.
Gob.349 Where a battle was fought.
Gailaia (Gailaea).350 There are two Galilees. One of these is Galilee of the nations located in the region of Tyre where Solomon gave "twenty cities to Hiram." (In) lot of (the tribe of) Nephthali. The other is near Tiberias and its lake (the Lake of Gennesareth) lot of (in tribe of) Zabulon.
Geiōn (Gion).351 Where Solomon was anointed (king).
Gēr.352 Where Jehu (king of Israel) struck down Ochozias (king of Juda) "Near Jeblaam."
Geththachopher.353 Home of Jona the prophet.
Gaddei (Gaddi).354 Hazael (king of Damascus) defeated it. Note also Gadda above.
Gēmela.355 Territory of Edam (Idumaeans). Aquila and Symmachus (interpret) "ravine of salt."
Gebein (Gebin).356 Isaia mentions this. There is now a village Geba five miles from Gouphnis (Gufnis) on the road to Neapolis.
Gōzan.357 In the territory of Hamath (Emath). Isaia mentions this. It is in the region (borders of) the Damascanes.
Garēb.358 Hill near Jerusalem. In Jeremia (As Jeremia writes).
Gēbarōth (Gebarth).359 Aquila "in defenses." Symmachus "in the community" in Jeremia. (Symmachus correctly read Jeremia "in the farm-estate.")
Gaimōd (Gemen or Gamon).360 Territory of Moab (Moabites) according to Isaia.
Gaipha (Gefa).361 (Name of a) territory. In Isaia (as is written in Isaia).
Gadara.362 City beyond the Jordan opposite Scythopolis and Tiberias (situated) to the east in the mountains at the foot of which baths of hot water are located (at whose foot hot water flows out and baths are built over it).
Gergesa.363 Where the Lord (Savior) heated the demoniacs (restored those vexed with demons to sanity). Now (today) a village is pointed out on the mountains near Lake Tiberias where the swine were condemned (cast down) to death. Noted also above.
Gethsimanē (Gethsimani).364 Place where the Christ (the Savior) prayed before the passion. It is located at (the foot of) the Mt. of Olives where even now the faithful fervently utter prayers (where now a church has been built over it).
Golgotha.365 "Place of the skull" (Calvary) where the Christ (the Savior) was crucified [for the salvation of all]. It is pointed out (today) in Jerusalem north of Mt.Zion.
Dasem.366 Great Assyrian city which Assur built "between Nineve and Chalach."
Drus (Drys i.e., oak).367 Mambre near Hebron, where there is a [very old and of many years] terebinth even now [up to the time of my childhood and the reign of Emperor Constantine] pointed out. There (under which) Abraham pitched his tent. It is also venerated by the people (just as perhaps it also is dedicated to an extraordinary power).
Damaskos (Damascus).368 Famous Phoenician city. So also the son of Abraham’s steward is called "Masek." [It is the same name by which Masec the son of Abraham’s steward is called. Further "Masec" is fully discussed in the book Hebrew Questions I must merely fulfill the role of translator and determine why the servant of Abraham was named Masec.]
Dan.369 The village called that (up to today) is four miles from Petra on the road toward Tyre. This is also the border of (promised to) Judaea (on the north) from whence the Jordan arises [bursts forth and receives its name. Ior is Hebrew for reithron, i.e., stream. or river].
Danaba (Dannaba).370 City of Balac son of Beor, king of Edom. After him Iob became king [it seems to me a long time after]. There is now a village Dannea (Dannaia) eight miles from Areopolis on the road to the Arnon and another Danaba (Dannaba) on Mt.Phogor seven miles from Hesebon.
Dōthaeim (Dothaim).371 Where Joseph found his brothers grazing (cattle). It remains (is shown up to today) in the region of Sabaste about twelve miles to the north.
Daibōn (Debon) or Dibon.372 Station of the children of Israel in the desert. There is another very large village even now near the Arnon which once was the possession of the eons of Moab and then the children of Israel took it from Sehon the Amorrite. (Afterwards Sehon the Amorrite held it by right of conquest. but the children of Israel captured it and held it so in the partition it came to the tribe of Gag.) Also given to the tribe of Gad. Isaia mentions it in the vision "against the Moabites (Moab)." Isaia mentions it.
Daibōngad (Dabira).373 Station of the children of Israel.
Dusmai Moab (Dysmae Moab i.e., to the west of Moab).374 "Along the Jordan opposite Jericho" where Balac "king of Moab" and "the elders of Madian" deceived (cheated with the plot) Israel. There Moses also wrote Deuteronomy.
Dabeira (Dabira).375 (City given to (in tribe of) Dan whose king Josue killed. There is another Jewish village on Mt.Thabor in the region of Diocaesarea.
Dor of Naphath (Nafeth).376 Symmachus (translates) "by the sea" (maritime). Dora near Caesarea Palestine [at the ninth milestone on the road to Tyre. Now deserted.] (Given in lot to) the tribe of Manasee did not possess it since they did not destroy the heathen. (They were not able to possess it since the former inhabitants remained in it.)
Dabeir (Dabir).377 (In) the tribe of Juda. Called "city of letters" which Gothoniel Caleb’s brother seized [or as some say the son of Caleb’s brother] killing the Enacim in it. Given (separated to) to the priests.
Dabeir (Dabir).378 Above the Jordan. City of the Amorrites.
Deimōna (Dimona).379 (In) tribe of Juda.
Dalaan (Dadan).380 (In) tribe of Juda.
Denna.381 (In) tribe of Juda. It is also (as Dabir) the city or letters.
Dauid (Dauia).382 (In) tribe of Juda.
Douma (Duma).383 (In) the tribe of Juda. Now a large village in the Deroma (to the south) in the region of Eleutheropolis at the seventeenth milestone.
Damna.384 (In) tribe of Zabulon. City separated to the Levites.
Dabasthe (Dasbath).385 (In) tribe of Zabulon.
Dabrath.386 (In) tribe of Issacher. City separated to the Levites.
Drus.387 (i.e., oak) which is "in Ephratha." In lot (tribe) of Manasse. Home of Gedeon. [We have spoken on this in the book Hebrew Questions, how Ephratha is now thought to be found in the tribe of Manasse.]
Deibon (Dibon).388 (Of which we spoke above.) Isaia mentions this in the vision "Against the Moabites" (Moab).
Deseth.389 Aquila (translates) "house wall" Symmachus "city wall."
Dōdaneim (Dodanim).390 Isaia (writes of this) in the vision on Arabia. It is also near Areopolis.
Darōm.391 Symmachus (changes to) "in the south." In Ezechiel. (Ezechiel mentions it.)
Diospolis.392 City of Egypt. In Ezechiel. (As Ezechiel writes.)
Dadan.393 In the land of Cedar according to Jeremia.
Deblathaeim (Deblathaim).394 In the land of Moab according to Jeremia.
Daidan (Daedan).395 In the (territory) or Idumaea according to Jeremia (as Jeremia writes). Located four miles north of Phainon (of the mines of Phainon).
Dekapolis (Decapolis).396 (As we read) in the Gospels. It is located in Persea, Hippos, Pella and Gadara. (It is in the territory of the ten Transjordanian cities around Hippos, Pella and Gadara.)
Edem (Eden).397 The place to the east of the paradise of God. Interpreted "delight" (Translated pleasure or delight).
Eueilat (Euila).398 "Where there is gold" [Where there is found purest gold which in Hebrew is called Zaab] and "ruby" and "emerald" (and most precious jewels, stones and emeralds). The Phison flowing from Paradise encircles it. According to the Greeks it is the Ganges "flowing from India" (which we call Ganges), changing its name). One of the descendants of Noe is called Eueilat (Euila) who, Josephus tells, "dwelled with his brothers, who were from the river Kophenos (Cofene), in parts of India and region of Syria (in the region of India and even to the place called Ieria)." Ismael it is said (written) lived on the desert of Euila which (Holy) Scriptures affirm to be the desert of Sour (sur) "opposite Egypt" and extending to the midst (Latin omits) of the land of Assyria.
Euphrates.399 River of Mesopotamia coming forth (rising) from Paradise. [Further Salustius a reliable author asserts, however, the source of the Tigris and Euphrates to be proven in Armenia, from which we perceive something also about Paradise and its rivers must be known.]
Ellasar.400 City of King Arioch.
Ephratha.401 Region of Bethlehem the City of David in which the Christ was born. Tribe of Benjamin. [It is also however in the tribe of Juda, apparently wrongly ascribed to the tribe of Benjamin.] There "on the way" Rachel is buried, (Near the road where Rachel is buried) at the fourth (fifth) milestone from Jerusalem in the place called (by the Septuagint) the Hippodrome. The monument is pointed out even now. (Latin omits this sentence.) Also the father of Bethlehem was called Ephratha according to Paralipomenon. (We read also of Efratha in the book of Paralipomenon as noted above.)
Eirōth (Iroth).402 Place in the desert at which they (the children of Israel) arrived from Egypt after coming through the Red Sea.
Empurismos (Conflagration. i.e., empurismos).403 Place on the desert where those speaking against God were burned up. (Where some of those people were consumed by fire.)
Enthaath (Inthaath).404 Station of the children of Israel in the desert.
Ebrōna.405 Station of the people (children of Israel) in the desert.
Emath.406 Where the spies with Josue came through. (Spies Josue sent.)
Ermana (Errma).407 Where some of the people were defeated by the Chanaanites and Amalecites. The Chanaanites (who) are called Amorrites in Deuteronomy.
Essebōn.408 "City of Sehon" the Amorrite "in the land of Galaad" who took up arms against the king of Moab (and took possession of it from the Moabites by right or war). Isaia mentions this in the vision of the Moabites (against Moab) and also Jeremia. Further it is now called Esbous (Esbus) a famous city of Arabia situated in the mountains opposite Jericho, twenty miles from the Jordan. Given to the tribe of Ruben. Separated to the Levite