Ro 10:1
10:1 Brethren, {1} my heart's desire and prayer to God for
     Israel is, that they might be saved.

 (1) Purposing to set forth in the Jews an example of marvellous
     obstinacy, he uses this declaration.

Ro 10:3
10:3 {2} For they {a} being ignorant of God's righteousness, and
     going about to {b} establish their own righteousness, have
     not submitted themselves unto the righteousness of God.

 (2) The first entrance into the calling to salvation, is to
     renounce our own righteousness by faith, which God freely
     offers us in the Gospel.
     (a) The ignorance of the law (which we ought to know) does
         not excuse anyone before God, especially those that are
         of his household.
     (b) Ignorance always has pride associated with it.

Ro 10:4
10:4 {3} For Christ [is] the {c} end of the law for
     righteousness to {d} every one that believeth.

 (3) The proof: the law itself points to Christ, that those who
     believe in him should be saved.  Therefore the calling to
     salvation by the works of the law, is vain and foolish: but
     Christ is offered for salvation to every believer.
     (c) The end of the law is to justify those that keep the
         law: but seeing that we do not observe the law through
         the fault of our flesh, we do not attain this end: but
         Christ heals this disease, for he fulfils the law for
         us.
     (d) Not only to the Jews, but also to the Gentiles.

Ro 10:5
10:5 {4} For Moses describeth the righteousness which is of the
     law, That the man which doeth those things shall live by
     them.

 (4) That the law is points to Christ and is inclined to him is
     manifestly proved, because it propounds such a condition as
     can be and is fulfilled, by none but Christ alone: which
     being imputed to us by faith, our conscience is quieted, so
     that now no man can ask, "Who can ascend up into heaven, or
     bring us from hell?", seeing that the gospel teaches that
     both of these is done by Christ and that for their sake's,
     who with true faith embrace him who calls them.

Ro 10:6
10:6 But the righteousness which is of faith speaketh on this
     wise, {e} Say not in thine heart, Who shall ascend into
     heaven? (that is, to bring Christ down [from above]:)

     (e) Do not think to yourself, as men that are doubting do.

Ro 10:8
10:8 {5} But what saith it? The {f} word is nigh thee, [even] in
     thy mouth, and in thy heart: that is, the word of faith,
     which we preach;

 (5) Calling comes by the word preached.
     (f) By "word", Moses understood the law which the Lord
         proclaimed with his own voice: and Paul applied it to
         the preaching of the Gospel, which was the perfection
         of the law.

Ro 10:9
10:9 {6} That if thou shalt {g} confess with thy mouth the Lord
     Jesus, and shalt believe in thine heart that {h} God hath
     raised him from the dead, thou shalt be saved.

 (6) That is indeed true faith which is settled not only in the
     head, but also in the heart of man, of which we also give
     testimony by our outward life, and which serves Christ as
     our one and only Saviour, even as he sets forth himself in
     his word.
     (g) If you profess plainly, sincerely, and openly, that you
         take Jesus alone to be thy Lord and Saviour.
     (h) The Father, who is said to have raised the Son from the
         dead: and this is not spoken to exclude the divinity of
         the Son, but to set forth the Father's plan, with
         regard to our redemption in the resurrection of the
         Son.

Ro 10:10
10:10 For with the heart man {i} believeth unto righteousness;
      and with the mouth confession is made unto salvation.

      (i) Faith is said to justify, and furthermore seeing the
          confession of the mouth is an effect of faith, and
          confession in the way to come to salvation, it follows
          that faith is also said to save.

Ro 10:11
10:11 {7} For the scripture saith, Whosoever {k} believeth on
      him shall not be ashamed.

 (7) Now he proves the other part which he propounded before in
     the fourth verse, that is, that Christ calls whoever he
     wishes without any difference, and this confirms by a
     twofold testimony, Ro 10:4.
     (k) To believe in God is to yield and consent to God's
         promise of our salvation by Christ, and that not only
         in general, but when we know that the promises pertain
         to us, from which arises a sure trust.

Ro 10:13
10:13 {8} For whosoever shall call upon the name of the Lord
      shall be saved.

 (8) True calling upon the name of God is the testimony of true
     faith, and true faith of true vocation or calling, and
     true calling of true election.

Ro 10:14
10:14 How then shall they call on him in whom they have not
      believed?  {9} and how shall they believe in him of whom
      they have not heard? and how shall they hear without a
      preacher?

 (9) That is, true faith, which seeks God in his word, and that
     preached: and this preaching God has appointed in the
     Church.

Ro 10:16
10:16 {10} But they have not {l} all obeyed the gospel. For
      Esaias saith, Lord, who hath believed our report?

 (10) Wherever faith is, there is also the word, but not the
      opposite, namely, wherever the word is, there may not
      necessarily be faith: for many refuse and reject the word.
      (l) He says this because of the Jews.

Ro 10:17
10:17 {11} So then faith [cometh] by hearing, and hearing by the
      {m} word of God.

 (11) A conclusion of the former discussion: we must ascend from
      faith to our calling, for by our calling we came to the
      testimony of our election.
      (m) By God's commandment.

Ro 10:18
10:18 {12} But I say, Have they not heard? Yes verily, their
      sound went into all the earth, and their words unto the
      ends of the world.

 (12) An objection: if calling is a testimony of election, were
      not the Jews called?  Why should I not grant that, says
      the apostle, seeing that there is no nation which has not
      been called?  Much less can I say that the Jews were not
      called.

Ro 10:19
10:19 {13} But I say, Did not Israel know? First Moses saith, I
      will provoke you to jealousy by {n} [them that are] no
      people, [and] by a foolish nation I will anger you.

 (13) The defender and maintainer of the Jew's cause goes on
      still to ask whether the Jews also did not know God, the
      one who called them.  Isaiah, says the apostle, denies it:
      and witnesses that the Gospel was taken from them and
      given to the Gentiles, because the Jews rejected it. In
      addition the apostle teaches that the outward and
      universal calling, which is set forth by the creation of
      the world, is not sufficient for the knowledge of God:
      indeed, and that the particular calling also which is by
      the preaching of the word of God, is of itself of little
      or no efficacy, unless it is apprehended or laid hold of
      by faith, which is the gift of God: otherwise by unbelief
      it is made unprofitable, and that by the only fault of
      man, who can pretend no ignorance.
      (n) He calls all profane people "[them that are] no
          people", as they are not said to live but to die, who
          are appointed for everlasting condemnation.

Ro 10:20
10:20 But Esaias is very {o} bold, and saith, I was found of
      them that sought me not; I was made manifest unto them
      that asked not after me.

      (o) Speaks without fear.