New Testament Christianity
by J B Phillips
4. THE FAITH‑FACULTY
Quite a number of present‑day
Christians are consciously or unconsciously on the defensive. They are only too
well aware that they are a small minority, and many of them are faithfully and
strenuously defending their convictions. Their courage and loyalty to Christ in
the face of the widespread apathy of the surrounding world is wholly admirable.
But, with some notable exceptions, the Christian Faith is only being maintained
within existing Churches, and is not spreading very far beyond actual church‑membership.
However much we love the Church, we have to admit that, though it may exhibit
the quieter and more inconspicuous virtues, it is very rarely making any considerable
impact upon the modern pattern of living. It has unquestionably lost power, and
it has lost vision; while in the worst cases the Christian Faith itself is
being reduced to a dreary duty‑performance which, to say the least of it,
is most unattractive.
No doubt there are many reasons
for the deterioration in quality in Christian faith and Christian living over
the centuries, but one explanation which I personally regard as wholly
inadmissible is to blame the passage of time; that is, our distance measured in
years from the events recorded in the New Testament. I regard this as
inadmissible, partly because of the Nature of God, which is naturally
unchangeable, and partly because I cannot believe Jesus Christ founded a Church
which was intended to taper off into ineffective mediocrity. Further, it is
only too easy for many present‑day Christians to owe their loyalty to the
present‑day Church, and be content so long as they are keeping the
minimal rules of conduct prescribed. They are forgetting the awe‑inspiring
contemporaneousness of God, and that their own Church, though still living,
may have become senile through failing to renew its youth by open contact with
the living God. This safe, limited loyalty makes the power and glory of
invasion by the divine quality of living almost impossible.
Even more than the limiting and
inhibiting effects of our preconceived loyalties is the mental climate of our
age which affects all of us, whether Christians or not, far more than we know.
We have become conditioned to regard this earthly life of ours as a completely
closed system of cause and effect. Because Science has made such enormous
strides, can explain to our satisfaction so much of the physical world, and can
offer intelligent explanations of what was previously sheer mystery, we are
inclined to forget that Science at its apparently most omniscient is only
dealing with one particular stratum or aspect of Truth. Again, modem psychology
has made enormous strides in the understanding and explanation of human
behaviour. But while it throws a great deal of light on what was previously
dark (and has, we hope, much more light to shed), we need to remember that the
psychologist also is dealing only with certain aspects of Truth ‑ in this
case emotional and mental life. We should be foolish to disregard this new
knowledge, but we should be still more foolish if we thought that by means of
physical and mental science the whole of life can now be accounted for. It
seems to me that we are missing out a dimension in our thinking which we may
call for the moment the dimension of God. It was awareness of this dimension
which produced the startling vigour and unassailable certainty of the
In this modem age, which treats
as commonplace that which our grandparents would have thought miraculous, we
ought to be able to grasp numerous analogies to help us understand how several
media or dimensions can coexist. Let us select one very obvious but useful
example from our common modem life. As I write these words I am aware of
various things through my physical senses ‑ as it happens, at the moment
these are chiefly: the light and warmth of sunshine, the beauty of trees in
full leaf, the varied songs of birds, and the distant sound of children at
play. I am also mentally aware of the truth I am trying to express, and of you,
my imaginary reader, following the line of thought I am trying to make clear.
Doubtless as you read you are taking in similar sense impressions, as well as
having your thoughts guided by the complicated system of marks made upon paper
which we call printing. But simultaneously in the immediate world of you the
reader and me the writer there are radio programmes of
various kinds actually in our rooms with us. The
"ether" ‑ for that is the name given to this all‑pervasive
but intangible medium ‑ is continually pulsing and vibrating, strongly or
feebly, with perhaps a hundred or more near or distant radio transmissions.
In common parlance, we frequently say that a certain programme is "on the
air"; but that of course is quite inaccurate. Radio transmissions are not
vibrations in the air. They would function just as well if there were no air at
all, and they make their way, as we all know, with very little hindrance
through such things as timber, stone, and concrete. It is only when they meet
conductors or partial conductors of electricity that these inaudible, invisible
vibrations become minute electric currents, and even then they are undetectable
except by that commonplace but quite complicated piece of circuitry known as a
radio‑set. In your body, as in my body, there are at this very moment
minute electrical currents of which we are quite unaware. They are, in fact, an
untuned jumble of electrical vibrations representing
the assorted offerings of many radio transmissions. Now, we are unaware of this
and normally we take no notice of it. It is only when we want to hear a
particular radio programme that we tune in a certain band of these etheric, vibrations, and by means of the radio‑set
turn them back into audible sound. For, even if we disapprove of radio, even if
we refuse to believe in its all‑pervasive presence, it makes not the
slightest difference to the fact. Whether we like it or not,
or whether we believe it or not, we are permeated by this mysterious
"ether", and that is a fact which can easily be demonstrated. Before
the advent of radio less than a century ago, such an idea would have seemed in
the highest degree improbable and even impossible. We know today that it is
true; that simultaneously with our ordinary‑world sense‑impressions
there co‑exists a world of mysterious "ether" of which we only
become aware when certain apparatus is used.
Now, this seems to me a most
helpful, if simple, analogy. Suppose it is possible that the whole material world, and the whole psychological world, are interpenetrated
by what we may call the "spiritual". For some reason or other we are
inclined to think of the physical world, and even the
demonstrable world of the "ether", as somehow real, while the
"spiritual" is regarded as unreal and imaginary. I believe the
opposite to be true. As Paul foresaw long ago ‑ "the things which
are seen are temporal; but the things which are not seen are eternal" (2
Corinthians
To sense the reality of the God‑dimension,
to conform to its purpose and order, to perceive its working in and through the
visible world system is, speaking broadly, what the Bible calls faith. The
heroes of Old Testament days were invariably the men, and in some cases the
women, who exercised their faculty of faith even when it appeared to contradict
the evidence of their five senses. In those old days, the king, the prophet,
the priest, the warrior, sensed intuitively what has today become very largely
a missing dimension. There is much in the Old Testament which may strike us as
outmoded and even tedious, but its particular genius is to point to and record
the actions of those people who were, however dimly, living life with a
consciousness of the Eternal Order.
Naturally, when we come to the
pages of the New Testament we find this faculty vastly enhanced. For those
fortunate enough to see and know God in the Person of Jesus Christ the human
being and recognise Who He was, the faculty of faith was naturally stimulated
and. confirmed. Peter, for example, blurts out a truth which others besides himself must have been thinking when he exclaims: "Thou
hast the words of eternal life." (John 6:68). He means surely that the
truth of Christ's teaching is to be recognised as part of the permanent order.
In this exclamation, and in his even more famous one, "Thou art the
Christ, the Son of the living God" Matthew
It is easy for us to think how
slow Christ's contemporaries were to recognise Him. But in an extraordinary
way it was particularly difficult. For the best of men faith means believing in
the dark, believing sometimes in spite of ordinary evidence and proofs. It was
not easy for them, nor would it be for us, to realise that the unique and
unforeseeable had happened ‑ that the King of the very order which they
grasped so dimly was living and present before their eyes. It was not really
until after the Resurrection that they dared to believe what seemed too good to
be true. But thereafter thousands upon thousands began to live their lives
from the new heavenly point of view by putting their faith in the focused God,
Jesus Christ.
Now, in a way it is a pity that
we have to use the word "faith" to describe the faculty by which the
unseen dimension is grasped, drawn upon, and lived by. It is only a pity
because to many of us, if we are honest,
"faith" has degenerated into a rather dogged holding on to something
which we believe to be true. Of course ideas of belief and personal trust are
involved in what the New Testament calls faith. Nevertheless, it might help us
to grasp the truth afresh if we saw it as a faculty as real as seeing or
hearing, thinking or feeling. Suppose it is true as I am sure it is, that we
are at all times surrounded and permeated by this "spiritual"
dimension. Suppose, too, that we needed the x‑faculty in order to
appreciate this further dimension. Can we not see that it is the x‑faculty
which has deteriorated over the centuries between us and the Church's young
days? I believe we all have this faculty, but in many of us it has become
atrophied almost to vanishing point. Now, since it is obvious throughout the
New Testament that the x‑faculty is the indispensable link between the
resources of the unseen world and this temporary one, we can easily understand
how the serious falling off in the use and practice of "faith"
throughout the Church at large has resulted in a marked loss of spiritual
power.
It would appear that one of the
great reasons for our living on this planet at all is that we may learn to use
and develop this faculty. As the author of the Epistle to the
Hebrews succinctly puts it, "without faith it is impossible to please
Him" (Hebrews 11:6), which simply means that if we do not use our faith‑faculty
we are bound to be out of harmony with the divine Plan. Why this should
be so we simply do not know, but it is one of the primary facts which we have
to accept.
Now, obviously it is much
easier merely to use our ordinary physical and mental faculties. The whole pattern
of the world's life disregards, for the most part, the existence of this faith‑faculty
and its practical application to the business of living. Once we begin to use
it we shall find a certain opposition in the ordinary earthbound pattern of
thinking by which we are surrounded. We shall also find in ourselves a certain reluctance comparable to the physical pain we
experience in bringing into play a long‑disused muscle. But the effort
must be made, the initial stiffness overcome, if we are to use again the vital
faculty which gives point and quality to life.
1. The Faith‑faculty in
the New Testament
Now, if we look at the New
Testament records with an eye to seeing how this faculty was stimulated and developed,
we may be surprised to find how essential it is. Both in the Gospels and in the
Letters, it is the use of this faculty which makes life of a new quality
possible. It is obviously out of the question to examine here every reference
to the word "faith", but I will suggest a few instances which may
open up profitable lines of thinking.
In
the Gospels it would appear, in general, that the existence and use of this
faculty provided the link between the Divine Order and human life. The
centurion who earned Jesus' commendation for his "faith" plainly took
it as a matter of course that as he occupied a position of authority in the
purely earthly realm, so Jesus was able to exercise authority in the unseen
realm (Matthew 8:5; Luke 7:2). It was not so much personal admiration for
Jesus, and probably not full recognition of Who He really was, so much as an
intuitive perception that here was One Who was a Master over the unseen forces
which influence observed life. His "faith" was, nevertheless, a
sincere recognition that there was a Divine Order which was real and reliable.
Again,
in the case of those four young men who were prepared to take desperate
measures to get their friend to Jesus, there was the same recognition of the
unseen Divine Order and Power (Mark 2:3; Luke 5:18). In both these cases, and
of course in many others, the use of the faith‑faculty was, so to speak,
the agent which enabled Jesus' power to be released. The contrary was also
true. Where men were imprisoned by the closed system and could not, for reasons
of prejudice or sheer unwillingness to believe, break through into the real
dimension, even the power of Jesus was inhibited. In
There were, and are, many
reasons for man's non‑use of the faith‑faculty. We shall find it
rewarding to study the Gospel‑records themselves, and, by using a little
imagination, see the reasons which prevented men from believing even when the
Truth was with them in Person. There is one significant remark of Jesus' which
is worth mentioning here. He said on one occasion, "How can you believe
while you receive honour one from another?" (John 5:44). This is surely a
most important remark, for we may fairly infer from it that in order to
"believe" or properly exercise the "faith‑faculty",
we must be prepared to disregard the honours, commendations, and even values
of this passing world. May I suggest that we pause at this point and consider
why it is that we ourselves make so little use of the faith‑faculty? Is
it simply laziness, the unwillingness to use an almost atrophied function of
our personalities, or are we so bound by the present world system that we
cannot "believe"? I am convinced that there will be no recovery of
the vitality and vigour of New Testament Christianity until we who call
ourselves Christians dare to break through contemporary habits of thought and
touch the resources of God.
In the teaching of Jesus the
use of the faith‑faculty does not, of course, only mean recognising that
there is a Divine Order and that there are Divine resources. He frequently made
it a far more personal matter than that. He taught that men could live without
worry and fear if they would use their faith‑faculty to realise that the
One in charge of the whole mysterious world, and indeed of everything, seen or
unseen, is man's Heavenly Father. Now, this may be believing
in spite of appearances, for there is much in this sinful and imperfect world
to contradict such an idea. But to Jesus it was the fundamental fact, a fact
which once firmly grasped by heart and mind affects a man's life both here and
in what we call the "hereafter". Consider His words, "He that heareth my word, and believeth on Him that sent me, hath everlasting life" (John
2. "Faith" in the
Now, when we come to the book
of the Acts of the Apostles or the Letters of the New Testament, we are reading
about what actually happened when men and women began to "believe in the
Lord Jesus Christ". The burden of preaching in the Acts is not, as far as
can be discovered the emphasis on man's depravity, but on faith ‑ the
grasping by the faith‑faculty of the new order. Naturally the focal‑point
of this new apprehension is God's personal focusing of Himself in the Man Jesus
Christ. The word translated "repentance" does not necessarily mean
being sorry for our sins, though that will probably be included. Metanoia
means a fundamental change of outlook. As far as we can discover in the early
preaching of the Gospel, the Good News was not primarily the announcement of
the fact that men were sinners, but that the real world had broken through into
this world in visible, tangible form ‑ in fact, in Christ. God was now
knowable, His Plan of a universal Kingdom was manifest, death itself was of no
account now that God had revealed Himself in Jesus. Simultaneously with this
proclamation of Good News to Jews and Gentiles was the announcement that the
living contemporary Spirit of God was alive and active. We have only to read
the book of the Acts to see how He, the Holy Spirit, the Spirit of Jesus,
empowered, transformed, and guided the early Christians. The Young Church was
full of divine energy and wisdom, and it would seem that its members were so
filled because they learned more and more to use the faculty of faith, and
because they prayed, not indeed to persuade an unwilling God, but to bring
themselves into line with His Purpose so that the power could safely be given.
No one could honestly read the book of the Acts with an adult mind without
being impressed with this sense of supra‑human power, wisdom, and
authority. God Himself is plainly at work in and through these new Christians
who, for all their faults, were plainly exercising the faith‑faculty.
Now, when we enter the world of
the Letters, which reflect the life of the early Church, we are again faced
with the phenomenon of people whose whole outlook and pattern of life is being
transformed by the use of the same faculty of faith. If we examine even the
letter of James, which is supposed to concern itself much more with "good
works" than "faith", we find on examination that the letter is
merely a corrective against false ideas of what "faith" implies.
"Of what use is it," says James in effect, if you do see the unseen
realities of God, His Kingdom, and His Order, unless that perception is expressed
and worked out in ordinary human situations?" That is a very proper
question, and it is part of the discipline of life that, although we may have
our glimpses of the glory of God, though we may by faith thoroughly accept the
truth of "the Incarnation"the
Atonement", "the Resurrection" etc., all these shining
revolutionary truths have to be expressed and worked out in the dust and
darkness, even in the strain and squalor of the sinful human situation. So far
from decrying the value of faith, James is concerned to prevent such a faculty
from becoming romantically airborne. He is determined, and rightly,
determined, that just as the young Prince of Glory lived His matchless life in
the dust and sweat of the human arena, so users of the faith‑faculty must
not consider themselves above their Lord.
If is of course when we come to
the Letters of Paul that we find the word "faith" used again and
again. It is used in slightly different senses, as we shall see in a moment;
but always it includes this idea of grasping a reality, a whole dimension of
reality which we cannot see with our fleshly senses. Paul indeed draws the
strong contrast between the man whose vision and outlook are limited to this
world and the man who, by the action of the Spirit, becomes alive to spiritual
realities.
One of Paul's most important
teachings, though it is only one, is the doctrine of what we call
"Justification by faith". It frequently appears to the non‑Christian
mind that this is an immoral or at least unmoral doctrine. Paul appears to be
saying that a man is justified before God, not by his goodness or badness, not
by his good deeds or bad deeds, but by believing in a certain doctrine of the
Atonement.
Of course, when we come to
examine the matter more closely we can see that there is nothing unmoral in
this teaching at all. For if "faith" means using a God‑given
faculty to apprehend the unseen divine Order, and means, moreover, involving
oneself in that order by personal commitment, we can at once see how different
that is from merely accepting a certain view of Christian redemption. What Paul
is concerned to point out again and again is that no man can reconcile himself
to the moral perfection of God by his own efforts in this time and space set‑up.
It is a foregone conclusion that he must fail. The truth is, and of course it
is a truth which can only be seen and accepted by the faith‑faculty, that
God has taken the initiative, that, staggering as it may seem, one of the main
objects of the Personal Visit was to reconcile man to Himself. That which man
in every religion, every century, every country was powerless
to effect, God has achieved by the devastating humility of His action and
suffering in Jesus Christ. Now, accepting such an action as a fait accompli is only possible by this
perceptive faculty of "faith". It requires not merely intellectual
assent but a shifting of personal trust from the achievements of the self to
the completely undeserved action of God. To accept this teaching by mind and
heart does, indeed, require a metanoia, a revolution in the outlook of both mind and
heart. Although the natural human personality sometimes regards this generous
fact of reconciliation as an affront to its pride, to countless people since
Paul's day it has been, as it was meant to be, Good News.
The phrase, "justification
by faith", then, simply means acceptance of a
forgiveness and a reconciliation made by God Himself and the total
abandonment of efforts at self‑justification. God's action, His
"grace" as Paul calls it, becomes effectual when the truth of the
matter becomes real by "faith". That is why Paul repeats again and
again in different words his great theme, "by grace are ye saved through
faith; and that not of yourselves: it is the gift of God" (Ephesians 2:8).
It appears to me that no little
part of the joy and certainty of the early Christians springs
from their wholehearted acceptance of this grace. In my own experience,
limited as it may be, the glorious certainty of the early Church has been
replaced today by a kind of wavering hopefulness, by no means free from
attempts at self-justification. If we are to recapture the buoyancy and vigour
of New Testament Christians, we must stop quibbling about the question of our
own forgiveness and our own standing with God. We must accept the generosity of
God, and stand upright as His sons and daughters. The attitude of the New
Testament Letters, in general, is never one of dwelling upon man's sinfulness
(even though it was sometimes necessary to remind people of what they were),
but an encouraging looking forward to what they might become through the grace
and power of God.
It is to Paul chiefly that we
owe the thought (which is also found in John's first letter), that Christ
Himself lives in men's hearts. No one could read with an open mind the Letters
of the New Testament without seeing that people are being, sometimes suddenly
and sometimes step by step, transformed. The reason for this, according to
Paul, is an open secret. In the past, he says in effect, men have striven to
please an external God; now God's great secret is plain. With the coming of the
Good News, indeed it is part of the Good News, God is prepared to live within
the personalities of those who use their faculty of faith towards Him
(Colossians I :26‑27). In Paul's writings we do not read of Jesus Christ
as an Example Who lived and died some years before and Who
must be followed and imitated. On the contrary, Paul's letters are ablaze with
the idea that, if men will believe it, Christ is alive and powerful, ready to
enter and transform the lives of even the most unlikely. This happens, he
says, "by faith". But how rarely in present‑day.
Christianity do we meet such a faith! Many Christians do not appear to have
grasped this, one of the essentials of the Gospel. It is true that they believe
in God, they pray to God, and they try to follow the example of Christ. But, as
far as one can tell, they have not begun to realise that Christ could be living
and active at the very centre of their own personalities. And, of course, so
long as they do not believe it, it is not true for them. For just as in the
days of Christ's human life the divine power was inhibited or limited by the
absence of faith, so His activity within the personality is limited where a man
does not in his heart of hearts believe in it. If we modem Christians are
steadfastly refusing to believe in this inward miracle, it is not surprising
that our Christian life becomes a dreary drudge.
In general, then, in Paul's
writings faith means the grasping of the new assured position in relation to
God, the bold exploration of God's resources by use of the faith‑faculty,
and the firm belief that Christ Himself is present and potent in the heart and
soul of the Christian. At the same time, the same faith enables the Christian
to see through this world's values, to be successful in refusing to be
impressed by circumstances, good or bad, and to realise who he really is ‑
a son of God whose permanent home is not here but in God's real home. "I
reckon," says Paul, "that whatever we may have to go through now is
less than nothing compared with the glorious future that God has prepared for
us" (Romans 8:18). These words have no flavour of boastfulness, but ring
perfectly true. If we feel that our own convictions fall a very long way short
of such certainty, as I think we are bound to feel, can we not rightly conclude
that people like Paul had developed the faculty of faith until it had the
solidity of conviction, while for many of us it would be true to say that our
faith has got little beyond a certain hopeful trustfulness?
Now, it is obvious that if
there are spiritual enemies of the sons and daughters of God (and who, if he
has ever tried to live the life of a Christian, would deny it?), then the basic
assault will be made upon the faculty of faith. If only we can be manoeuvred
into the position of distrusting or disusing our faith‑faculty, then the
battle is over, we are defeated men. It is not surprising to read of Paul's
urging his convert Timothy to "Fight the good fight of faith" (1
Timothy 6:12); nor of Peter in his first letter speaking of the tensions and
strains to which faith will be subjected, once we see its enormous value.
Appearances, feelings, even sometimes common sense, will undermine, if they
can, the Christian's hold on ultimate reality; that is, his faith. It is not
always easy to believe. If the good purpose of God were readily discernible,
there would have been no need for Jesus, for example, to urge men to have faith in God, nor for His apostles to do all they could to
strengthen and confirm men's faith. There are failures as well as successes
recorded in the New Testament, and Demas was surely
neither the first nor the last to find the effort to live the life of faith too
strenuous for his tastes.
3. "Faith" in Today's World
If we are genuinely willing to
welcome the fresh wind of the Spirit and to experience once again the God‑given
vigour of the early Church, we must plainly begin by reusing the faculty of
faith. Perhaps it would not be out of place here to make a few suggestions
which for convenience' sake may be numbered:
1. Let us deliberately take time to
consider our modern situation, not so much its problems but its attitude of
mind and spirit. A few chapters read from the Acts of the Apostles might help
us to appreciate by contrast how closed we have grown on the God‑ward
side. Perhaps we might, with as fresh minds as we can, read some of the Gospel
incidents as well so that we may become convinced afresh that the fault in our
present‑day Christianity lies not in God, with His astonishing
generosity, but in our own neglected capacity to believe, to reach out and
appropriate His resources. Although we are not responsible for our talents or
lack of them, we are very largely responsible for our own attitude of mind. Let
us, without morbid self‑accusing, confess that we have largely neglected
to use our God‑given faculty of faith. Let us freely admit that at heart
our life attitude has been a long way from that of men attuned to unseen
realities.
2. Let us by
conscious and deliberate effort begin to exercise the long‑disused
faculty. Whatever our circumstances may be, life is so arranged that there is
never a lack of opportunity for such exercise. It is apparent that, both for
considering our own position in relation to God and in deliberately using our
power of faith, we need a quiet space in our lives. This is absolutely
essential, and nothing is more important than securing this space amid all our
busyness. No one is too busy to set aside a period of, say, a
quarter of an hour each day for such quiet. (We are all rather ridiculous here.
For if we knew for certain that a space of a quarter of an hour's quiet was
essential for our physical health, for example, we should unhesitatingly make
room for it. It would become a top priority. Can we not see that such a period,
which should be regarded as a minimum, could be absolutely essential for our
spiritual health?) For many people this period of quiet must of necessity be
solitary, but since a great deal of the vigour of the early Church depended on
Christian fellowship and was, in fact, given and demonstrated through Christian
fellowship, there is good reason to suppose that a small God‑seeking
group of people might help one another enormously in redeveloping the faith-faculty.
3. Study of the New Testament with as
unbiased and unprejudiced a mind as possible will undoubtedly stimulate faith
itself and the desire to develop the faculty more. Before long we cannot help
realising, if we "soak" ourselves in the meaning and spirit of these
inspired pages, that this other world, which we have been in the habit of
regarding as shadowy and faraway, can, and in fact historically did, permeate
ordinary human life. Further, we shall conclude that there is no valid reason
for supposing that if the right conditions are fulfilled the same supra‑human
quality and power could not penetrate life today.
4.
Jesus told men "to knock", "to seek", and "to
ask", by which I understand Him to mean that although the resources of God
are always available it is up to us men to make use of them. I think, too, that
He may well have meant men to make spiritual experiments, to try out, as it
were, the Divine resource. As we do this, we shall inevitably find that the
values and fortunes of this passing world become less important and clamant.
Nevertheless, I think we should be wise, by deliberately training ourselves,
to see that real security does not, indeed cannot, rest in this world, however
lucky or careful we may be. Moreover, all experiences of love and beauty, much
as we may enjoy and appreciate them in this transitory life, are not rooted
here at all. We should save ourselves a lot of disillusionment and heartbreak
if we reminded ourselves constantly that here we have "no continuing
city" (Hebrews
5. Finally, we must accept as one of the
facts of life that to live on this level and to retain this attitude of mind
and heart is not as easy as falling off a log. Sometimes, it is true, it is
easy and natural, but there are other times when contemporary pressures and
even our own lethargy make it difficult to rise and live as sons and daughters
of the Most High. We must cheerfully accept the fact that, cost what it may,
for the time being, "we walk by faith, not by sight" (2 Corinthians 5:7).
To exercise faith will often mean an effort on our part, a determined breaking
through of the matted layers of this world's self‑sufficiency, and a
persistent reaching out to touch the living God.
on to 5. Ground of Hope