QUESTIONS ABOUT THE NEW TESTAMENT
NEW TESTAMENT
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Map 33. Traditional Locations Where the Apostles Preached and Died
Map 34. The World in Outline at the Time of Jesus
Map Key:
Persia - major empires;
Mexico - other centres of world population
Map 35. The Roman Empire at its Greatest Extent, c AD117
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SPAIN, GAUL, ASIA MINOR - each area consisted of a number of Roman provinces
AD43 etc - territories captured by Rome after the Birth of Jesus
black area - part of Germania lost to Rome after the Battle of Teutoberg AD9
Map 36. Jewish History in Outline, c 1,800BC-AD
At the time of the Roman Empire, [1] Judea was a small eastern province. Approximately 1,800 years earlier, the patriarch Abraham journeyed there from [2] Ur of the Chaldees (present-day Iraq), via [3] Haran to [4] Canaan. Abraham was the father of Isaac, and grandfather of Jacob.
Jacob's children migrated to Egypt where their younger brother Joseph ("of the coat of many colours") previously sold by them into slavery, had become only second in importance to the Egyptian Pharaoh. Jacob's descendants became the twelve tribes of Israel.
Around 1,200BC, following the Exodus from [5] Egypt led by Moses and completed by Joshua (of the "battle of Jericho"), Canaan was the "promised land" of the twelve [6]. Tribes of Israel After c 1,000BC, by which time King David and his son Solomon had established a [7], United Kingdom of Israel and Judah both nations went their separate ways until conquered by other empires.
In c 721BC, [8] Israel was defeated by the [8+] Assyrians and these Jews went into permanent exile. Then in c 587BC,
[9] Judah fell into the hands of the [9+] Babylonians, but their exile to [10] Babylon was temporary. The Babylonians were conquered by the [11] Persians and the Jews allowed to return to Judea to rebuild [12] Jerusalem.By the time of Jesus, most Jews were spread throughout the [13] Roman and Parthian Empires, but Jerusalem with a new Temple being built by Herod the Great remained central to the Jewish religion.
Jesus of [14] Nazareth in Galilee was therefore born a Jew, into nearly 2,000 years of Jewish history, religion and culture in the land of Palestine.
Map 37. Towns and Territories of the Palestine Area in the Time of Jesus
CHRONOLOGY OF ROMAN, JEWISH and CHRISTIAN EVENTS
Map 38. Significant Locations in the Roman, Jewish and Christian Worlds During the Life of Jesus of Nazareth c 6BC-AD30
Map 39. Significant Locations in the Roman, Jewish and Christian Worlds During the Period of the Apostles c AD30-100
Map 40. Ancient and Early Translations of the Holy Bible; Some of the Locations in its Early History
Map Key:
OLD TESTAMENT from HEBREW
GREEK SEPTUAGINT (the "LXX") - from c 250BC;
SYRIAC later called the the PESHITTA ("simple" or "in common use") - probably from 1st cen AD;
LATIN VULGATE - from 390-405ADNEW TESTAMENT
SYRIAC; OLD LATIN; COPTIC; GOTHIC - all from the Greek from 2nd to 4th cen;
LATIN VULGATE - from Greek 390-405AD;
ARMENIAN - from Greek or Syriac early 5th cen;
GEORGIAN - possibly from Syriac or Armenian from 5th cen;
ETHIOPIC - from Greek possibly from 5th cen;
OLD ARABIC - probably from 8th cen;
SLAVONIC - from Greek from mid 9th cenEARLY TRANSLATIONS
Portions of Scripture from the Latin Vulgate
Anglo-Saxon, German - from 8th cen;
French, Hungarian - from 12th cen;
Italian, Spanish, Dutch, Polish, Bohemian - from 13th cen
Map 41. Some of the Earliest Surviving Manuscripts
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IMPORTANT EARLY PAPYRI
1a-1b RYLANDS PAPYRI (P52) - early 2nd cen, fragments of John's Gospel verses 18:31-33,37-38. Found in Egypt c 1920. Now in John Rylands Library, Manchester, England
2a-2b BODMER PAPYRI (P66) - 2nd/3rd cen, part of John's Gospel. From Egypt. In Bodmer Library, Geneva, Switzerland
3a-3b-3c CHESTER BETTY PAPYRI (P45, P46, P47) - 3rd cen, much of New Testament. Found in Egypt. Mostly in Chester Beatty Library, Dublin, Ireland; parts in University of Michigan Library, Ann Arbor, USA
IMPORTANT EARLY CODICES (Bound Manuscripts)
4a-4b CODEX VATICANUS (B) - 4th cen, almost entire Holy Bible in Greek with New Testament missing beyond Hebrews 9:14. Written in Alexandria, Egypt. In Vatican Library, Rome since 1481
5a-5b-5c-5d CODEX SINAITICUS (aleph) - 4th/5th cen, entire New Testament and parts of Old, all in Greek. Written in Alexandria. Found 1844-59 by German scholar Tischendorf at St Catherine's Monastery near Mount Sinai, Egypt. Went to Russia, bought from the Soviet Union by Britain in 1933. Now in British Library, London, England
6a-6b-6c CODEX ALEXANDRICUS (A) - 5th cen, entire Greek Bible with some leaves missing. Written in Alexandria. Later presented by Patriarch of Constantinople to Charles 1 of England in 1627. Now in British Library, London
Map 42. Modern European Translations 15th-19th centuries
Map Key:
Translations in approximate date order within each century:
15th cen - German, Italian, Catalan, Czech
16th cen - Dutch, French, English, Swedish, Danish, Spanish, Polish, Slavonic, Icelandic, Slovenian, Welsh, Hungarian
17th cen - Finnish, Irish, Rumanian, Latvian
18th cen - Lithuanian, Estonian, Portuguese
19th cen - Gaelic, Serbo-Croat, Slovak, Norwegian, modern Greek, Bulgarian, Basque, Russian
Map 43. Some of the Modern World Translations of the Holy Bible excluding Europe 17th-19th centuries
Map Key:
Translations complete or part, in approximate date order, and by century and continent
17th cen - America - Massachusetts Indian (Mass.)
18th cen - Asia - Tamil, Malay
19th cen - Africa - Malagasy, Amharic, isiXhosa, isiZulu, Yoruba, Sudanese, kiSwahili - America - Cree Indian, Labrador Eskimo, Sioux/Dakota - Asia - Bengali, Chinese, Turkish, Hindi, Burmese, Persian, Urdu, Armenian, Javanese, Thai, Japanese, Taiwanese, Kashmiri - Pacific - Tahitian, Hawaiian, Samoan, Maori, Tongan, Fijian
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Maps by Gordon Smith can be used without further permission. Please quote http://www.ccel.org/bible/phillips/JBPhillips.htm
